A Hierarchical Smart Street Lighting System With Brute-Force Energy Optimization

Mahoor, Mohsen; Salmasi, Farzad Rajaei; Najafabadi, Tooraj Abbasian

doi:10.1109/jsen.2017.2684240

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, the model can be easily deployed in new locations, just by introducing topological relationships among segments, detectors and luminaires. For comparison, such new deployments with other smart lighting control solutions [17][18][19] are usually challenging-each deployment needs to be analyzed case by case and appropriately configured, which takes time and is costly. "dt": traffic intensity detector; "s": street segment; "m2", "m3" and "m4": lighting classes; "c": luminaire configuration; "l": luminaire; "p()": power settings as percentage of the luminaire's nominal power.…”

Section: Dynamic Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Study of How Traffic Intensity Detector Parameters Influence Dynamic Street Lighting Energy Consumption: A Case Study in Krakow, Poland

Wojnicki

Kotulski

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:The deployment of dynamic street lighting, which adjusts lighting levels to fulfill particular needs, leads to energy savings. These savings contribute to the overall lighting infrastructure maintenance cost. Yet another contribution is the cost of traffic intensity data. The data is read directly from sensor systems or intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). The more frequent the readings are, the more costly they become, because of hardware capabilities, data transfer and software license costs, among others. The paper investigates a relationship between the frequency of readings, in particular the averaging window size and step, and achieved energy savings. It is based on a simulation, taking into account a representative part of a city and traffic intensity data, which span over a period of one year. While the energy consumption reduction is simulated, all data, including each luminaire power setting, induction loop locations and street characteristics, come from a representative sample of the city of Krakow, Poland. Controlling the power settings complies with the lighting standard CEN/TR 13201. Analysis of the outcomes indicates that the shorter the window size or step are, the more energy saving that is available. In particular, for the previous standard CEN/TR 13201 2004, having the window size and step at 15 min results in 26.75% of energy saving, while reducing these values to 6 min provides 27%. Savings are more profound for the current standard (CEN/TR 13201 2014), assuming a 15 min size and step results in 47.43%, while having a 6 min size and step provides 47.69%. The results can serve as a guideline for identifying the economic viability of dynamic lighting control systems. Additionally, it can be observed that the current lighting standard provides far greater potential for dynamic control then the previous standard.

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Section: Dynamic Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Study of How Traffic Intensity Detector Parameters Influence Dynamic Street Lighting Energy Consumption: A Case Study in Krakow, Poland

Wojnicki

Kotulski

2018

Sustainability

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“…Such solutions can be applied at the scale of an entire city [12], a single block, or indoor [13][14][15]. They are often based on rules and configured for particular deployments [16][17][18][19]. However, a lack of underlying formal models often results in harder and more costly adjustment to evolving requirements or deployment at new locations.…”

Section: Motivation and Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept

Wojnicki

Kotulski

2018

Energies

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Abstract:The paper introduces a definition of dual graph grammar. It enables two graphs to share information in a synchronized way. A smart city example application, which is an outdoor lighting control system utilizing the dual graph grammar, is also demonstrated. The system controls dimming of street lights which is based on traffic intensity. Each luminaire's light level is adjusted individually to comply with the lighting norms to ensure safety. Benefits of applying the dual graph grammar are twofold. First, it increases expressive power of the mathematical model that the system uses. It becomes possible to take into account complex geographical distribution of sensors and logical dependencies among them. Second, it increases the system's efficiency by reducing the problem size during run-time. Experimental results show a reduction of the computation time by a factor of 2.8. The approach has been verified in practice.

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“…In Smart Lighting systems, there are no security requirements for the transmitted data. Most works focus on data transfer reliability [26] in Smart Lighting last-mile communication networks, which is realized by using two independent technologies, for instance, PLC and wireless. In this work, the authors proposed a decentralized method of anomaly detection, similar to the one in [27], but the difference is that our method is proposed for Smart Lighting systems, not for Smart Metering.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Abuse Detection for a PLC Smart Lighting Network Based on Automatically Created Models of Exponential Smoothing

Andrysiak

Saganowski

Kiedrowski

2017

Security and Communication Networks

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One of the basic elements of a Smart City is the urban infrastructure management system, in particular, systems of intelligent street lighting control. However, for their reliable operation, they require special care for the safety of their critical communication infrastructure. This article presents solutions for the detection of different kinds of abuses in network traffic of Smart Lighting infrastructure, realized by Power Line Communication technology. Both the structure of the examined Smart Lighting network and its elements are described. The article discusses the key security problems which have a direct impact on the correct performance of the Smart Lighting critical infrastructure. In order to detect an anomaly/attack, we proposed the usage of a statistical model to obtain forecasting intervals. Then, we calculated the value of the differences between the forecast in the estimated traffic model and its real variability so as to detect abnormal behavior (which may be symptomatic of an abuse attempt). Due to the possibility of appearance of significant fluctuations in the real network traffic, we proposed a procedure of statistical models update which is based on the criterion of interquartile spacing. The results obtained during the experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the presented misuse detection method.

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A Hierarchical Smart Street Lighting System With Brute-Force Energy Optimization

Cited by 70 publications

References 30 publications

Empirical Study of How Traffic Intensity Detector Parameters Influence Dynamic Street Lighting Energy Consumption: A Case Study in Krakow, Poland

Empirical Study of How Traffic Intensity Detector Parameters Influence Dynamic Street Lighting Energy Consumption: A Case Study in Krakow, Poland

Improving Control Efficiency of Dynamic Street Lighting by Utilizing the Dual Graph Grammar Concept

Predictive Abuse Detection for a PLC Smart Lighting Network Based on Automatically Created Models of Exponential Smoothing

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