A Hierarchical Data Transmission Framework for Industrial Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks

Abstract

Abstract-A smart factory generates vast amounts of data that require transmission via large-scale wireless networks. Thus, the reliability and real-time performance of large-scale wireless networks are essential for industrial production. A distributed data transmission scheme is suitable for large-scale networks, but is incapable of optimizing performance. By contrast, a centralized scheme relies on knowledge of global information and is hindered by scalability issues. To overcome these limitations, a hybrid scheme is needed. We propose a hierarchical data transmission framework that integrates the advantages of these schemes and makes a tradeoff among real-time performance, reliability, and scalability. The top level performs coarse-grained management to improve scalability and reliability by coordinating communication resources among subnetworks. The bottom level performs fine-grained management in each subnetwork, for which we propose an intrasubnetwork centralized scheduling algorithm to schedule periodic and aperiodic flows. We conduct both extensive simulations and realistic testbed experiments. The results indicate that our method has better schedulability and reduces packet loss by up to 22% relative to existing methods.

Multiprocessor Scheduling meets the Industrial Wireless

“…In the WirelessHART-like networks, besides the results already discussed, other works have been presented in Saifullah et al (2011b), Wu et al (2016) and Modekurthy, Saifullah, and Madria (2018). In other domains, the results presented here were applied to other wireless contexts such as heterogeneous industrial networks (Xia et al 2017b), multi-use multiple-input multiple-output industrial network (Xia et al 2017c), scheduling of emergency tasks in industrial networks (Xia et al 2017d) and hierarchical data transmission in industrial WSANs (Jin et al 2017). Indeed, in its broadest sense, all of the articles covered in this review may have interesting implications in wireless networked control systems (WNCS) and wireless cyber-physical systems (WCPS), where there are other relevant applications such as intra-vehicle wireless networks, wireless avionics intra-communications, and building automation.…”

Real-Time Scheduling for Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Flows in Industrial Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks

“…In the approach proposed in [5], before event-triggered packets are transmitted, all nodes switch to an emergency state, and stop transmitting time-triggered packets. Scheduling and routing proposed in [14], [15] aims to reduce the preemption of time-triggered packets by event-triggered packets. In contrast, we propose real-time scheduling algorithms that do not allow event-triggered packets to preempt time-triggered packets and reserve as few time slots as possible for event-triggered packets such that the real-time requirements of all packets can be guaranteed.…”

“…, then AddRes() returns true. If all flows in F vp have been moved out and the network is still unschedulable, then the flow having the maximum node reservations in F sm is removed to F rs until F sm = ∅ (lines [13][14][15]. Finally, all event-triggered flows are in F rs .…”

SD-EAR: Energy Aware Routing in Software Defined Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Jin et al [24] dealt with the packet loss by designing a hierarchical data transmission framework of a suitable industrial environment. For a real industrial environment, the commonly-used WSN framework discussed above is not well suited to the environment's unique characteristics, such as a harsh application environment, a strict requirement for data transmission, data diversity, and so on.…”