A Hierarchical Control Methodology for Renewable DC Microgrids Supporting a Variable Communication Network Health

Shahid, Muhammad Umair; Khan, Muhammad Mansoor; Xu, Jianping; Hashmi, Khurram Azeem; Habib, Salman; Mumtaz, Muhammad; Tang, Hansong

doi:10.3390/electronics7120418

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Conversely, decentralized methods exhibit more flexibility and agree well with the use of innovative new control schemes based on artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems consensus [2,10,[22][23][24][25][26]. The fundamental feature of multi-agent-based control methods is enabling the computational abilities at every DGU node to participate in the decision-making process, thus enabling all said agents to arrive at a consensus of corrective measures for the system in time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Quasi-Average Estimation Aided Hierarchical Control Scheme for Power Electronics-Based Islanded Microgrids

Hashmi

Khan

et al. 2019

Electronics

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Self-governed micro power networks are a promising solution for meeting the energy needs of isolated communities not having access to regular transmission networks. The control of such isolated networks requires regulation and “fair” sharing of several power generation and storage resources as well as efficient peer-to-peer coordination between power converters operating in the network. The regulation of key parameters as voltage, frequency and power sharing is to be ensured for the system to operate optimally. This paper proposes a new, de-centralized, and hierarchical control approach for power inverters in isolated micro networks with multi-layered controls, each addressing the regulation of key system parameters. The proposed scheme uses distributed quasi-averaging estimators at each participating node to achieve resilience towards disturbances caused by delayed transmission of measurement and control signals in the data acquisition and information exchange layer. Detailed system models are developed using MATLAB and Sim-power systems to test the effectiveness of the proposed scheme under varying control and network scenarios. The results of these studies are presented as pole zero evolutions, stability margins and case study wise simulations. The studies carried out verify the validity of the proposed control strategy for micro-distribution networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Quasi-Average Estimation Aided Hierarchical Control Scheme for Power Electronics-Based Islanded Microgrids

Hashmi

Khan

et al. 2019

Electronics

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“…The flexibility of the decentralized control techniques for new and innovative control schemes as multi-agent systems is discussed in [6,8,[18][19][20][21][22]. Such control methods can combine resources at every node agent to aid in the convergence to the global set point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Control Method for Active Power Sharing in Renewable-Energy-Based Micro Distribution Networks

et al. 2023

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The microgrid is an emerging trend in modern power systems. Microgrids consist of controllable power sources, storage, and loads. An elaborate control infrastructure is established to regulate and synchronize the interaction of these components. The control scheme is divided into a hierarchy of several layers, where each layer is composed of multi-agents performing their dedicated functions and arriving at a consensus of corrective values. Lateral and horizontal interaction of such multi-agents forms a comprehensive hierarchical control structure that regulates the microgrid operation to achieve a compendium of objectives, including power sharing, voltage, and frequency regulation. The success of a multi-agent-based control scheme is dependent on the health of the communication media that is used to relay measurements and control signals. Delays in the transmission of control signals result in an overall deterioration of the control performance and non-convergence. This paper proposes novel multi-agent moving average estimators to mitigate the effect of latent communication links and establishes a hierarchical control scheme incorporating these average estimators to accurately arrive at system values during communication delays. Mathematical models are established for the complete microgrid system to test the stability of the proposed method against conventional consensus-based methods. Case-wise simulation studies and lab-scale experimental verification further establish the efficacy and superiority of the proposed control scheme in comparison with other conventionally used control methods.

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“…What's more, distributed quasi‐averaging estimators was used in Reference 35 at each participating node to overcome the problems caused by communication delay. A fast algorithm was proposed in Reference 36 to detect and evaluate network connectivity based on the information stored at every node in the form of a look‐up table. A communication connectivity observer was applied to detect and address power flow issues through the above algorithm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite‐time consensus for frequency and voltage restoration in microgird under communication interruptions

Dou

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary This paper presents a distributed secondary control strategy based on finite‐time consensus protocol for islanded microgrids to ensure the stability of frequency and voltage. Simple droop control cannot achieve high‐precision adjustment due to its inherent shortcomings. Although traditional secondary control can solve this problem, the required conditions are harsh and the system has poor robustness. Based on finite‐time consensus protocol, the proposed distributed secondary control is completely distributed, and agents of network layer only communicate through peer‐to‐peer sparse networks without a central node, so the frequency and voltage remain stable and reach the nominal value within the set time that then improves the system reliability and robustness. Moreover, the improved extreme learning machine, where the empirical risk and structural risk are involved, is used to predict the missing part to deal with the problem of packet loss and communication interruptions. The effectiveness of the intended methods is verified by the simulation of an islanded microgrid.

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A Hierarchical Control Methodology for Renewable DC Microgrids Supporting a Variable Communication Network Health

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

A Quasi-Average Estimation Aided Hierarchical Control Scheme for Power Electronics-Based Islanded Microgrids

A Quasi-Average Estimation Aided Hierarchical Control Scheme for Power Electronics-Based Islanded Microgrids

A Novel Control Method for Active Power Sharing in Renewable-Energy-Based Micro Distribution Networks

Finite‐time consensus for frequency and voltage restoration in microgird under communication interruptions

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