A hierarchical approach to architectural classification in marginal-marine systems: Bridging the gap between sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy

Vakarelov, Boyan K.; Ainsworth, R. Bruce

doi:10.1306/11011212024

Cited by 82 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…3a). SMAKS depositional tracts largely correspond with the 'facies tracts' of several authors (e.g., Shanley & McCabe 1991;Gardner et al 1992;Howell et al 2008), and with the 'zones' of Vakarelov & Ainsworth (2013). Although depositional tracts are loosely defined in terms of genetic significance, they are particularly convenient for performing database filtering on environmental criteria, and represent useful containers of data that find application in reservoir-modelling practice (cf.…”

Section: Smaks Depositional Tractsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This hierarchical classification is specific to each case, and allows for the inclusion of information on the hierarchical organization of sedimentary architecture that cannot be represented in terms of arrangement of lower-scale elements within higherscale elements (e.g., data on hierarchy is given in the original work, but not explicitly provided in terms of relative containment of elements). Additionally, architectural elements can be classified according to the hierarchical levels proposed by Vakarelov & Ainsworth (2013), assigned following their criteria.…”

Section: Smaks Architectural Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The attribution of any of these classes to a sedimentary body is based on the interpretation of the sub-environment of deposition, as given in the original source work, provided the definition of the sub-environment type matches with the definition chosen for SMAKS. Additionally, architectural elements can be classified according to element types proposed by Vakarelov & Ainsworth (2013), attributed following their criteria.…”

Section: Smaks Architectural Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Shallow-Marine Architecture Knowledge Store: A database for the characterization of shallow-marine and paralic depositional systems

Colombera

Mountney

Hodgson

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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The Shallow-Marine Architecture Knowledge Store (SMAKS) is a relational database devised for the storage of hard and soft data on the sedimentary architecture of ancient shallow-marine and paralic siliciclastic successions, and on the geomorphological organization of corresponding modern environments. The database allows incorporation of data from the published literature, which are uploaded to a common standard to ensure consistency in data definition. The database incorporates data on geological entities of varied nature and scale (i.e., surfaces, depositional tracts, architectural elements, sequence stratigraphic units, facies units, geomorphic elements), including attributes that characterize their type, geometry, spatial relations, hierarchical relations, and temporal significance. Furthermore, geological entities are assigned to depositional systems, or to parts thereof, that can be classified on multiple parameters (e.g., shelf width, delta catchment area) tied to metadata (e.g., data types, data sources).The SMAKS permits the quantitative characterization of modern and ancient shallow-marine and paralic clastic depositional systems. It aims to serves as a repository of analogue information for hydrocarbon-bearing successions, and as a research tool, applicable to aid the development of facies models or to assess the sensitivity of depositional systems to particular controlling factors, for example.To demonstrate the wide applicability of the database in fields of both fundamental and applied research, example database output is presented that (i) includes data from wave-, tide-, and fluvial-dominated shallow seas and sedimentary successions, and (ii) covers a wide depositional spectrum, from backshore to shelf-edge settings. The examples include information on the facies organization of different types of paralic sub-environments, on the hierarchical arrangement of architectural elements that form deltaic constructional units in Quaternary deltas, on the morphometry of modern and Quaternary tidal sand ridges, and on the geometry of parasequence-scale nearshore sandstone belts from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior Seaway in Utah (USA).

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Section: Smaks Depositional Tractsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Smaks Architectural Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smaks Architectural Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Shallow-Marine Architecture Knowledge Store: A database for the characterization of shallow-marine and paralic depositional systems

Colombera

Mountney

Hodgson

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…The facies associations in these onshore cores primarily comprise transgressive fining-upward packages of sand and silt overlain by a regressive coarsening-and thickening-upward succession of bioturbated silt and quartz-rich sand. These are interpreted as mixed wave-dominated and river-influenced (Wr of Vakarelov and Ainsworth [2013]) offshore to shoreface deposits . Miocene clinothem bottomset deposits, and facies representing deepwater (>100 m paleodepth) shelfal environments, were not sampled by previous drilling projects.…”

Section: Geological Setting and Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In deepwater settings (below storm weather wave base), the seismic criteria for definition of sequence bounding unconformities is lost (or becomes cryptic) basinward, which led Mitchum et al (1977) to coin the term "correlative conformity" for the surface traced beyond the unconformity. Recognition and interpretation of the LST is often equivocal because of the uncertainties in placement of its base versus that of the FSST (Coe, 2003;Hodgson et al, 2016) and the varied facies it contains (van der Merwe et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentology, Stratigraphic Context, and Implications of Miocene Intrashelf Bottomset Deposits, Offshore New Jersey

Browning¹,

Hodgson²,

Miller³

et al. 2017

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Drilling of intrashelf Miocene clinothems onshore and offshore New Jersey has provided better understanding of their topset and foreset deposits, but the sedimentology and stratigraphy of their bottomset deposits have not been documented in detail. Three coreholes (Sites M27-M29), collected during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 313, intersect multiple bottomset deposits, and their analysis helps to refine sequence stratigraphic interpretations and process response models for intrashelf clinothems. At Site M29, the most downdip location, chronostratigraphically well-constrained bottomset deposits follow a repeated stratigraphic motif. Coarse-grained glauconitic quartz sand packages abruptly overlie deeply burrowed surfaces. Typically, these packages coarsen then fine upwards and pass upward into bioturbated siltstones. These coarse sand beds are amalgamated and poorly sorted and contain thin-walled shells, benthic foraminifera, and extrabasinal clasts, consistent with an interpretation of debrites. The sedimentology and mounded seismic character of these packages support interpretation as debrite-dominated lobe complexes. Farther updip, at Site M28, the same chrono strati graphic units are amalgamated, with the absence of bioturbated silts pointing to more erosion in proximal locations. Graded sandstones and dune-scale cross-bedding in the younger sequences in Site M28 indicate deposition from turbidity currents and channelization. The sharp base of each package is interpreted as a sequence boundary, with a period of erosion and sediment bypass evidenced by the burrowed surface, and the coarse-grained debritic and turbiditic deposits representing the lowstand systems tract. The overlying fine-grained deposits are interpreted as the combined transgressive and highstand systems tract deposits and contain the deepwater equivalent of the maximum flooding surface. The variety in thickness and grain-size trends in the coarse-grained bottomset packages point to an autogenic control, through compensational stacking of lobes and lobe complexes. However, the large-scale stratigraphic organization of the bottomset deposits and the coarse-grained immature extrabasinal and reworked glauconitic detritus point to external controls, likely a combination of relative sea-level fall and waxing-and-waning cycles of sediment supply. This study demonstrates that large amounts of sediment gravity-flow deposits can be generated in relatively shallow (~100-200 m deep) and low-gradient (~1°-4°) clinothems that prograded across a deep continental shelf. This physiography likely led to the dominance of debris flow deposits due to the short transport distance limiting transformation to low-concentration turbidity currents.

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Fluvial and coastal landform changes in the Aceh River delta (northern Sumatra) during the century leading to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Chapkanski

Brocard

Lavigne³

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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River deltas are strongly affected by demographic growth and by the intensification of land use. The migration of deltaic coastlines is often rapid, threatening urban settlements, coastal farming, and coastal biotopes. Some deltas benefit from centuries of monitoring, such that the evolution of their coastline is well documented. For most deltas, however, such long records do not exist. The study of their geomorphological evolution can benefit from overlapping maps drafted over time, combined with aerial photographs and satellite images, to track the evolution of fluvial and coastal landforms. Both fluvial and coastal landforms are sensitive to variations in water and sediment supply, such that covariations in the evolution of these landforms, or the lack thereof, provide clues on the contribution of water and sediment supply to delta evolution. We document the evolution of river channels and coastlines in the delta of the Aceh River in northwest Sumatra, by overlying maps, ortho‐rectified aerial photographs, and satellite images covering the past 130 years. We assess the accuracy of the overlays, and then use multivariate statistics to analyze the co‐evolution of fluvial and coastal landforms. We propose that a progressive decrease in sediment supply spurred river channel lengthening and narrowing, landward migration of the shoreline, and narrowing of beach ridges. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami generated an instantaneous retreat of the coastline that amounts to ∼53% of the coastal retreat from 1884 to 2019 ce. Post‐tsunami evolution is marked by an irreversible acceleration of previous trends. Beach ridges located up‐drift of rivers and tidal channel mouths are more sensitive to long‐term landward retreat and tsunamigenic erosion.

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A hierarchical approach to architectural classification in marginal-marine systems: Bridging the gap between sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy

Cited by 82 publications

References 29 publications

The Shallow-Marine Architecture Knowledge Store: A database for the characterization of shallow-marine and paralic depositional systems

The Shallow-Marine Architecture Knowledge Store: A database for the characterization of shallow-marine and paralic depositional systems

Sedimentology, Stratigraphic Context, and Implications of Miocene Intrashelf Bottomset Deposits, Offshore New Jersey

Fluvial and coastal landform changes in the Aceh River delta (northern Sumatra) during the century leading to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

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