“…The use of electric vehicles in the logistics operations led to several new problems flourish in the literature such as pollution-routing problem (Bektas ß and Demir et al, 2012Demir et al, , 2014Franceschetti et al, 2013;Kramer et al, 2015;Koç et al, 2014), green vehicle routing problem (Erdogan and Miller-Hooks, 2012;Ć irović et al, 2014;Lin et al, 2014;Felipe et al, 2014), location optimization of alternative fuel stations (Kuby and Lim, 2005;Wang and Lin, 2009;Wang and Wang, 2010;Wang and Lin, 2013;Sathaye and Kelley, 2013;Xi et al, 2013;Li and Huang, 2014;, and optimal routing problems (Goeke and Schneider, 2015;Schneider et al, 2014;Felipe et al, 2014). The common objective of these studies is to establish the environmental and cost impacts of electric vehicles from the logistics perspective.…”