A Hereditary Variegation in Tomatoes

Lesley, J. W.; Lesley, Margaret Mann

doi:10.1093/genetics/27.5.550

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Autocatalytic decomposition on surfaces that lead to desorption of the product in ultra-narrow temperature interval, coined as 'surface explosion', [2][3][4] have been observed for carboxylic acids on metal single crystals [5][6][7][8][9][10] as well as for NO + CO and NO + H 2 mixed layers on Pt(100). 11,12 A particularly well understood system is the thermally-induced decomposition of tartaric acid (TA) on Cu(110). 13 It was the first system to report chiral effects in a surface reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereospecific Autocatalytic Surface Explosion Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autocatalytic processes are important in many fields of science, including surface chemistry. A better understanding of its mechanisms may improve the current knowledge on heterogeneous catalysis. The thermally induced decomposition of eight different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on a saturated monolayer of atomic oxygen on a Cu(100) surface is studied using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). 9-Bromo-heptahelicene decomposes autocatalytically in a narrow temperature range into CO and HO, while non-halogenated heptahelicene decomposes into the same products but does not show autocatalytic behavior. Fixation of the hydrocarbon to the surface via the organometallic bond after elimination of the bromine is identified as a prerequisite for the autocatalytic reaction mechanism. Of all the hydrocarbons studied, only those being sterically overcrowded decompose autocatalytically. Such an observation can be explained by facile dehydrogenation of the overcrowded PAHs. The reaction of such hydrogen with oxygen creates vacancies in the oxygen layer which act as active sites and catalyze further decomposition.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereospecific Autocatalytic Surface Explosion Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Mutmap analysis based on genomic comparisons of pooled DNA from plants with mutant and wildtype phenotypes [ 51 , 53 , 54 ] revealed that an FtsH-like protein precursor located on chromosome 4 is the most likely candidate. Taking these results into account, we concluded that this FtsH variegation mutant is dissimilar from the previously published tomato mutants with variegated leaves, including studies of a maternally inherited variegated tomato [ 23 ]; the Woolly mutant [ 25 ]; a recessive allele of yv ( yv mut ) [ 29 ], a cytoplasmic or mitochondrial mutation [ 55 ]. More recent studies on chromosomal mutations in the tomato genome are the Ghost phenotype [ 24 , 27 , 28 , 31 ], DLC [ 46 ], and VG [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Especially the experimental work on variegation mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana helped us better understand the underlying mechanisms [ 1 , 5 – 22 ]. Other leaf variegation studies were carried out on tomato [ 23 – 33 ], and studies on Arum italicum [ 34 ], barley [ 35 ], Brassica napus [ 36 ], Camellia sinensis [ 37 , 38 ]; Grapevine [ 39 ], Ilex X altaclerensis [ 20 , 21 ], Lotus japonicus [ 20 ], Epipremnum aureum [ 40 ], tobacco [ 41 ], Hedera helix [ 42 ], Vigna radiata [ 43 ] and Zea mays [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first variegation described in tomato displayed pale green – wild-type green leaf variegation phenotype and was inherited as a dominant maternal trait [ 23 ]. A second variegated tomato was characterised by the dominant nuclear gene, located on chromosome 2, which produced variegated leaves with patches of fewer epidermal hairs and abnormal greens [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mutation mapping of a variegated EMS tomato reveals an FtsH-like protein precursor potentially causing patches of four phenotype classes in the leaves with distinctive internal morphology

Dechkrong,

Srima,

Sukkhaeng

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Leaf variegation is an intriguing phenomenon observed in many plant species. However, questions remain on its mechanisms causing patterns of different colours. In this study, we describe a tomato plant detected in an M2 population of EMS mutagenised seeds, showing variegated leaves with sectors of dark green (DG), medium green (MG), light green (LG) hues, and white (WH). Cells and tissues of these classes, along with wild-type tomato plants, were studied by light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. We also measured chlorophyll a/b and carotene and quantified the variegation patterns with a machine-learning image analysis tool. We compared the genomes of pooled plants with wild-type-like and mutant phenotypes in a segregating F2 population to reveal candidate genes responsible for the variegation. Results A genetic test demonstrated a recessive nuclear mutation caused the variegated phenotype. Cross-sections displayed distinct anatomy of four-leaf phenotypes, suggesting a stepwise mesophyll degradation. DG sectors showed large spongy layers, MG presented intercellular spaces in palisade layers, and LG displayed deformed palisade cells. Electron photomicrographs of those mesophyll cells demonstrated a gradual breakdown of the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll a/b and carotene were proportionally reduced in the sectors with reduced green pigments, whereas white sectors have hardly any of these pigments. The colour segmentation system based on machine-learning image analysis was able to convert leaf variegation patterns into binary images for quantitative measurements. The bulk segregant analysis of pooled wild-type-like and variegated progeny enabled the identification of SNP and InDels via bioinformatic analysis. The mutation mapping bioinformatic pipeline revealed a region with three candidate genes in chromosome 4, of which the FtsH-like protein precursor (LOC100037730) carries an SNP that we consider the causal variegated phenotype mutation. Phylogenetic analysis shows the candidate is evolutionary closest to the Arabidopsis VAR1. The synonymous mutation created by the SNP generated a miRNA binding site, potentially disrupting the photoprotection mechanism and thylakoid development, resulting in leaf variegation. Conclusion We described the histology, anatomy, physiology, and image analysis of four classes of cell layers and chloroplast degradation in a tomato plant with a variegated phenotype. The genomics and bioinformatics pipeline revealed a VAR1-related FtsH mutant, the first of its kind in tomato variegation phenotypes. The miRNA binding site of the mutated SNP opens the way to future studies on its epigenetic mechanism underlying the variegation.

show abstract

Disorders

Grimbly¹

1986

The Tomato Crop

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Hereditary Variegation in Tomatoes

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Stereospecific Autocatalytic Surface Explosion Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Stereospecific Autocatalytic Surface Explosion Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Mutation mapping of a variegated EMS tomato reveals an FtsH-like protein precursor potentially causing patches of four phenotype classes in the leaves with distinctive internal morphology

Disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About