A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production diseases of the transition cow

Mulligan, F.J.; O’Grady, Luke; Rice, D. A.; Doherty, Michael L.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.08.011

Cited by 163 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Current evidence suggests that dairy cows should calve down in a BCS of 2.75 to 3.0 and not lose more than 0.5 of a BCS unit between calving and first service (Overton and Waldron 2004;Mulligan et al, 2006) rather than earlier recommendations of 3.0 to 3.5 (Buckley et al, 2003). Cows that lose excessive body condition (⩾1.0 BCS unit) have a longer postpartum interval to first ovulation.…”

Section: Anovulatory Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This emphasizes the critical role of correct nutritional management to ensure that the deficit in energy balance post calving is mild rather than severe, and kept to as minimum duration as possible. Current approaches to minimize the energy balance deficit post calving includes: the optimization of BCS at calving (2.75 to 3.0), shorter dry periods and maintenance of normal rumen function (Mulligan et al, 2006). In dairy cows, one of the main drivers of negative energy balance is BCS at calving because cows calving above BCS 3.0 have both reduced appetite and mobilize in excess of 1 BCS unit, with subsequent detrimental effects on fertility (Mulligan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Anovulatory Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current approaches to minimize the energy balance deficit post calving includes: the optimization of BCS at calving (2.75 to 3.0), shorter dry periods and maintenance of normal rumen function (Mulligan et al, 2006). In dairy cows, one of the main drivers of negative energy balance is BCS at calving because cows calving above BCS 3.0 have both reduced appetite and mobilize in excess of 1 BCS unit, with subsequent detrimental effects on fertility (Mulligan et al, 2006). Recently, several laboratories have examined the effects of glucogenic-lipogenic feeding strategies for dairy cows on reproductive function (Garnsworthy et al, 2009;Friggens et al, 2010).…”

Section: Anovulatory Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Crowe

Diskin

Williams

2014

Animal

101

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There is a variable anoestrous period following parturition in the cow. Follicular growth generally resumes within 7 to 10 days in the majority of cows associated with a transient FSH rise that occurs within 3 to 5 days of parturition. Dairy cows that are not nutritionally stressed generally ovulate their first postpartum dominant follicle (~15 days), whereas beef suckler cows in good body condition normally have a mean of 3.2 ± 0.2 dominant follicles (~30 days) to first ovulation; moreover, beef cows in poor body condition have a mean of 10.6 ± 1.2 dominant follicles (~70 to 100 days) to first ovulation. The lack of ovulation of dominant follicles during the postpartum period is associated with infrequent LH pulses, with both maternal-offspring bonding and low body condition score (BCS) at calving being implicated as the predominant causes of delayed resumption of cyclicity in nursed beef cows. In dairy cows, the normal pattern of early resumption of ovulation may be delayed in high-yielding Holstein type cows generally owing to the effects of severe negative energy balance, dystocia, retained placental membranes and uterine infections. First ovulation, in both dairy and beef cows, is generally silent (i.e., no behavioural oestrus) and followed by a short inter-ovulatory interval (>70%). The key to optimizing the resumption of ovulation in both beef and dairy cows is appropriate pre-calving nutrition and management so that cows calve down in optimal body condition (BCS; 2.75 to 3.0) with postpartum body condition loss restricted to < 0.5 BCS units.

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Section: Anovulatory Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anovulatory Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anovulatory Anoestrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Crowe

Diskin

Williams

2014

Animal

101

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“…A taxa de 35,48% de incidência de hipocalcemia subclínica encontrada no dia do parto no verão está próxima da taxa de 30% considerada desejável por Oetzel (2004) e Mulligan et al (2006), porém a taxa de 75% no inverno está muito acima. Os resultados descritos indicam que os animais no inverno tiveram um declínio mais acentuado nas concentrações de cálcio e que permaneceram mais tempo em níveis que prejudicam a saúde e produtividade do animal.…”

Section: Quadro 4 Valores De Condição Corporal Das Vacas Mestiças Plunclassified

“…Pode levar a diminuição da motilidade do rumem e abomaso, diminuição da ingestão de alimentos, inibição da secreção de insulina, e diminuição da resposta imunológica (Goff & Horst 1997b, Larsen 2001, Kimura et al 2006, Oetzel & Goff 2009, Reinhardt et al 2011, Oetzel 2013). Como consequência de todas essas alterações ocorre aumento da incidência de distocia, deslocamento de abomaso, mastite, prolapso uterino, cetose, diminuição da produção de leite e esses animais acabam sendo descartados mais prematuramente (Horst et al 1997, Goff & Horst 1997b, Larsen 2001, Melendez et al 2004, Mulligan et al 2006, Kimura et al 2006, Goff 2008, Chapinal et al 2011, Reinhardt et al 2011, Roberts et al 2012, Oetzel 2013.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Perfil mineral de vacas mestiças Girolanda no período de transição em sistema semi-intensivo em duas estações do ano

et al. 2015

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Neste estudo foi avaliado o perfil metabólico de vacas leiteiras no período de transição durante o verão e o inverno. Foram utilizados 31 animais pluríparos mestiços girolando em cada estação, totalizando 62 vacas. No verão permaneciam em pasto com suplementação de silagem de milho e concentrado. No inverno, a exigência nutricional era suprida apenas com silagem de milho e concentrado. Foram feitas um total de 11 coletas de sangue de cada animal segundo o seguinte protocolo: quatro coletas pré-parto espaçadas semanalmente, no dia do parto e com 2, 5, 10, 15, 21 e 30 dias pós-parto. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. Todos os analitos variaram em função do estatus fisiológico. As concentrações médias de cálcio e magnésio foram maiores no verão do que no inverno. Em ambas as estações, as menores concentrações médias de cálcio ocorreram próximas ao parto, sendo que 75% dos animais no inverno e 35,48% dos animais no verão estavam hipocalcêmicos. Apenas no décimo dia as concentrações de cálcio voltaram aos níveis do pré-parto, demonstrando que esse tempo é necessário para a adaptação da nova condição de lactante. As concentrações de magnésio foram menores no pós-parto do que no pré-parto nas duas estações, demonstrando a necessidade desse mineral para a produção de leite. As concentrações médias de magnésio permaneceram sempre dentro dos valores de referência, porém 19% dos animais aos dois dias pós-parto no inverno e 7% dos animais aos 10 dias pós-parto no verão tinham concentrações inferiores a esses limites. As concentrações de fósforo sofreram grande variação ao longo do peri-parto, porém sempre em níveis elevados, sendo que 49,8% dos animais no inverno e 37,3% no verão tinham níveis de fósforo acima dos valores de referência

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The Importance of the Periconception Period: Immediate Effects in Cattle Breeding and in Assisted Reproduction Such as Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer

Eetvelde

Heras

Leroy

et al. 2017

Periconception in Physiology and Medicine

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In livestock breeding, the successful outcome is largely depending on the "periconception environment" which, in a narrow sense, refers to the genital tract, where gametogenesis and embryogenesis occur. During these early stages of development, gametes and embryos are known to be particularly sensitive to alterations in their microenvironment. However, as the microenvironment somehow reflects what is going on in the external world, we must widen our definition of "periconception environment" and refer to all events taking place around the time of conception, including metabolic state and health and nutrition of the dam. In modern dairy cows that have to manage an optimal reproductive performance with continued growth and high milk yield, the periconception period is particularly challenging. The metabolic priority for growth and lactation is known to generate adverse conditions hampering optimal ovarian function, oocyte maturation, and development of embryo/fetus. In addition, by using artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs), gametes and/or embryos of livestock are exposed to unnatural conditions outside the male and female genital tract. Artificial insemination, the most widely used technique, is currently yielding pregnancy rates similar to natural mating, and calves produced by AI are equally viable after natural mating. In contrast, other ART, such as multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, have been reported to induce changes in gene expression and DNA methylation patterns with potential consequences for development.Finally, the "periconceptional" environment has been shown to not only influence the successful establishment of pregnancy but also the long-term health and productivity of the offspring. Hence, the optimization of management around the time of conception might open doors to improve animal production and product quality.

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A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production diseases of the transition cow

Cited by 163 publications

References 80 publications

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Perfil mineral de vacas mestiças Girolanda no período de transição em sistema semi-intensivo em duas estações do ano

The Importance of the Periconception Period: Immediate Effects in Cattle Breeding and in Assisted Reproduction Such as Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer

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