A herbivory-induced increase in the proportion of floating seeds in an invasive plant

Fukano, Yuya; Hirayama, Hiroyuki; Tanno, Koichi

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2014.02.001

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In plants, herbivory has been shown to influence seed dispersal: the proportion of floating seeds produced by an invasive weed was related to the damage caused to the plants by a specialist herbivore [64]. In aphids, the presence of predatory ladybirds enhanced the proportion of winged dispersal morphs at the next generation [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal exposure to predator scents: offspring phenotypic adjustment and dispersal

et al. 2014

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Predation is a strong selective pressure generating morphological, physiological and behavioural responses in organisms. As predation risk is often higher during juvenile stages, antipredator defences expressed early in life are paramount to survival. Maternal effects are an efficient pathway to produce such defences. We investigated whether maternal exposure to predator cues during gestation affected juvenile morphology, behaviour and dispersal in common lizards (Zootoca vivipara). We exposed 21 gravid females to saurophagous snake cues for one month while 21 females remained unexposed (i.e. control). We measured body size, preferred temperature and activity level for each neonate, and released them into semi-natural enclosures connected to corridors in order to measure dispersal. Offspring from exposed mothers grew longer tails, selected lower temperatures and dispersed thrice more than offspring from unexposed mothers. Because both tail autotomy and altered thermoregulatory behaviour are common antipredator tactics in lizards, these results suggest that mothers adjusted offspring phenotype to risky natal environments (tail length) or increased risk avoidance (dispersal). Although maternal effects can be passive consequences of maternal stress, our results strongly militate for them to be an adaptive antipredator response that may increase offspring survival prospects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal exposure to predator scents: offspring phenotypic adjustment and dispersal

et al. 2014

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“…In the seagrass Zostera marina , settling rate increases with seed size, suggesting smaller seeds disperse farther (Delefosse et al 2016). When grazed by the specialist herbivore Ophraella communa , the riparian weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia produces lighter, more buoyant seeds, demonstrating a clear mechanism for interindividual variation in dispersal (Fukano et al 2014). In ballistically dispersed species, both seed and fruit size can affect patterns of seed dispersal.…”

Section: Intrinsic Variation: Plant Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal are diverse and pervasive

et al. 2019

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There is growing realization that intraspecific variation in seed dispersal can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, we do not have a good understanding of the drivers or causes of intraspecific variation in dispersal, how strong an effect these drivers have, and how widespread they are across dispersal modes. As a first step to developing a better understanding, we present a broad, but not exhaustive, review of what is known about the drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal, and what remains uncertain. We start by decomposing ‘drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal’ into intrinsic drivers (i.e. variation in traits of individual plants) and extrinsic drivers (i.e. variation in ecological context). For intrinsic traits, we further decompose intraspecific variation into variation among individuals and variation of trait values within individuals. We then review our understanding of the major intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal, with an emphasis on variation among individuals. Crop size is the best-supported and best-understood intrinsic driver of variation across dispersal modes; overall, more seeds are dispersed as more seeds are produced, even in cases where per seed dispersal rates decline. Fruit/seed size is the second most widely studied intrinsic driver, and is also relevant to a broad range of seed dispersal modes. Remaining intrinsic drivers are poorly understood, and range from effects that are probably widespread, such as plant height, to drivers that are most likely sporadic, such as fruit or seed colour polymorphism. Primary extrinsic drivers of variation in seed dispersal include local environmental conditions and habitat structure. Finally, we present a selection of outstanding questions as a starting point to advance our understanding of individual variation in seed dispersal.

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“…A common approach has focused on environmental influences on heteromorphic species that produce two or more distinct seed morphs that differ in dispersal potential. Environmental influences on the proportion of more dispersible morphs include herbivory (Fukano et al 2014) or environmental stress (Mandák and Pyšek 1999; Imbert and Ronce 2001; Cheptou et al 2008; Martorell and López 2014). Other studies have considered environmental influences on continuous variation in dispersal traits, again, addressing the effects of herbivory (de la Pena and Bonte 2014; Marchetto et al 2014) and environmental stress (Zhang et al 2012; Teller et al 2014) on traits related to wind dispersal such as pappus length, plume loading and plant height.…”

Section: Rapid Changes In Dispersal In Different Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid changes in seed dispersal traits may modify plant responses to global change

et al. 2019

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When climatic or environmental conditions change, plant populations must either adapt to these new conditions, or track their niche via seed dispersal. Adaptation of plants to different abiotic environments has mostly been discussed with respect to physiological and demographic parameters that allow local persistence. However, rapid modifications in response to changing environmental conditions can also affect seed dispersal, both via plant traits and via their dispersal agents. Studying such changes empirically is challenging, due to the high variability in dispersal success, resulting from environmental heterogeneity, and substantial phenotypic variability of dispersal-related traits of seeds and their dispersers. The exact mechanisms that drive rapid changes are often not well understood, but the ecological implications of these processes are essential determinants of dispersal success, and deserve more attention from ecologists, especially in the context of adaptation to global change. We outline the evidence for rapid changes in seed dispersal traits by discussing variability due to plasticity or genetics broadly, and describe the specific traits and biological systems in which variability in dispersal is being studied, before discussing some of the potential underlying mechanisms. We then address future research needs and propose a simulation model that incorporates phenotypic plasticity in seed dispersal. We close with a call to action and encourage ecologists and biologist to embrace the challenge of better understanding rapid changes in seed dispersal and their consequences for the reaction of plant populations to global change.

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A herbivory-induced increase in the proportion of floating seeds in an invasive plant

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Maternal exposure to predator scents: offspring phenotypic adjustment and dispersal

Maternal exposure to predator scents: offspring phenotypic adjustment and dispersal

Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal are diverse and pervasive

Rapid changes in seed dispersal traits may modify plant responses to global change

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