A Herbal Mixture Formula of OCD20015-V009 Prophylactic Administration to Enhance Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Activity Against Influenza A Virus

Abstract

OCD20015-V009 is an herbal mix of water-extracted Ginseng Radix, Poria (Hoelen), Rehmanniae Radix, Adenophorae Radix, Platycodi Radix, Crataegii Fructus, and Astragali Radix. In this study, its in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity and mechanisms against the influenza A virus were evaluated using a GFP-tagged influenza A virus (A/PR/8/34-GFP) to infect murine macrophages. We found that OCD20015-V009 pre-treatment substantially reduced A/PR/8/34-GFP replication. Also, OCD20015-V009 pre-treatment increased the phosphorylation of type-I IFN-related proteins TBK-1 and STAT1 and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by murine macrophages. Moreover, OCD20015-V009 prophylactic administration increased IFN-stimulated genes-related 15, 20, and 56 and IFN-β mRNA in vitro. Thus, OCD20015-V009 likely modulates murine innate immune response via macrophages. This finding is potentially useful for developing prophylactics or therapeutics against the influenza A virus. Furthermore, pre-treatment with OCD20015-V009 decreased the mortality of the mice exposed to A/PR/8/34-GFP by 20% compared to that in the untreated animals. Thus, OCD20015-V009 stimulates the antiviral response in murine macrophages and mice to viral infections. Additionally, we identified chlorogenic acid and ginsenoside Rd as the antiviral components in OCD20015-V009. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the protective effects of active components of OCD20015-V009 against influenza A viruses.

The Effect of Matrine and Glycyrrhizic Acid on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in vitro and in vivo

“…The components that exert the antiviral effect of TCMs are mainly through single components and multiple components [22][23][24]. OCD20015-V009 is an herbal mix of water-extracted Ginseng Radix, Poria (Hoelen), Rehmanniae Radix, Adenophorae Radix, Platycodi Radix, Crataegii Fructus, and Astragali Radix [25], and chlorogenic acid and ginsenoside Rd are the dominant antiviral components that stimulate the antiviral response in murine macrophages and mice to viral infections. It was found that many TCM monomers or compound preparations exhibited multichannel antiviral effects in vitro, and the safe concentration was within the range of doses to achieve a better antiviral effect.…”

A solid preparation of phytochemicals: improvement of the solubility and bioavailability of astragaloside IV based on β-cyclodextrin microencapsulation

“…Astragaloside IV (AsIV), an active ingredient derived from A. membranaceus, is known as a signature compound for its various excellent biological activities (Zhou et al 2012), including anti-in ammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti-cancer effects(Luo, Wu, and Li 2021; Shahrajabian, Sun, and Cheng 2019). Studies have shown that AsIV is not only an excellent immunomodulator but in some aspects even surpasses ginsenosides (Zheng et al 2020), and is of great value in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and related complications (Facioni et al 2018; Kwon et al 2021). AsIV, despite its natural origin and excellent effects, has poor solubility and stability, resulting in low value adding products and limiting its direct application in solid formulations.…”