A height-weight formula to measure body fat in childhood obesity

Licenziati, Maria Rosaria; Ballarin, Giada; Iannuzzo, Gabriella; Lonardo, Maria Serena; Vincenzo, Olivia Di; Valerio, Giuliana

doi:10.1186/s13052-022-01285-8

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Considering additional factors beyond numerical thresholds is crucial for accurately evaluating health risks and guiding healthcare interventions in older adults [ 31 ]. BMI and z-scores in children are more complex and are not reviewed here [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity

Wu,

Li,

Vermund

2024

IJERPH

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Obesity reflects excessive fat deposits. At-risk individuals are guided by healthcare professionals to eat fewer calories and exercise more, often using body mass index (BMI; weight/height2) thresholds for screening and to guide progress and prognosis. By conducting a mini-narrative review of original articles, websites, editorials, commentaries, and guidelines, we sought to place BMI in the context of its appropriate use in population health, clinical screening, and monitoring in clinical care. The review covers studies and publications through 2023, encompassing consensus reviews and relevant literature. Recent consensus reviews suggest that BMI is a valuable tool for population surveys and primary healthcare screening but has limitations in predicting the risk of chronic diseases and assessing excess fat. BMI can guide nutritional and exercise counseling, even if it is inadequate for reliable individual risk prediction. BMI cut-offs must be reconsidered in populations of varying body build, age, and/or ethnicity. Since BMI-diagnosed overweight persons are sometimes physically and physiologically fit by other indicators, persons who are overweight on BMI should be more fully evaluated, diagnosed, and monitored with combined anthropometric and performance metrics to better clarify risks. The use of combined anthropometric and performance metrics involves integrating measurements of body composition with assessments of physical function and fitness to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of an individual’s health and fitness status. Eligibility for bariatric surgery or semaglutide satiety/appetite-reduction medications should not be determined by BMI alone. Awareness of the advantages and limitations of using BMI as a tool to assess adult obesity can maximize its appropriate use in the context of population health and in rapid clinical screening and evaluation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity status can be subcategorized further to capture more or less severe BMI variance [ 3 ]. BMI is relatively simple to measure in adults [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] and functionally sums a variety of complex body indicators. (Interpreting BMI in children is more complex and is not reviewed here.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity

Wu,

Li,

Vermund

2024

IJERPH

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“…A functional study showed that the Val642Leu mutant exhibited significantly higher enzymatic activity and EO than the wild-type protein [ 19 ]. Moreover, a study by Lanzani et al reported that hypertensive subjects who were homozygous for the A allele displayed a more pronounced reduction in blood pressure after consuming a low-salt diet compared to AC and CC subjects [ 24 ]. Nevertheless, these findings have not been verified in pediatric cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height 3 (m 3 ) [ 22 ]. A height–weight formula proposed by Hudda et al was calculated as previously described [ 23 , 24 ]. Blood pressure was measured three times, and the average value of the measurements was recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LSS rs2254524 Increases the Risk of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Umano

Cirillo

Rondinelli

et al. 2023

Genes

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Childhood obesity and its related comorbidities have become major health issues over the last century. Among these comorbidities, cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, are the most significant. Recently, a polymorphism affecting the activity of lanosterol synthase has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adolescents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of LSS rs2254524 polymorphism on blood pressure in children and adolescents with obesity. We enrolled 828 obese children aged 6–17 years. Subjects carrying the A allele showed higher rates of systolic and diastolic stage I hypertension and stage II hypertension. Carriers of the A allele showed a 2.4-fold (95% C.I. 1.5–4.7, p = 0.01) higher risk for stage II hypertension and a 1.9-fold higher risk for stage I hypertension (95% C.I. 1.4–2.6, p < 0.0001). The risk was independent of confounding factors. In conclusion, LSS rs2254524 worsens the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents with obesity, increasing their blood pressure.

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BMI z-score as a prognostic factor for height velocity in children treated with recombinant human growth hormone due to idiopathic growth hormone deficiency

Budzulak,

Majewska,

Kędzia

2024

Endocrine

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Purpose Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) causes growth disturbances during childhood. The most recommended treatment of GHD is the administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Recent studies have proved that well-nourished GHD children respond better to rhGH therapy compared to undernourished individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze nutritional status along with height velocity in GHD children during the first two years of rhGH therapy, and to estimate the optimal BMI z-score range in which these children achieve the best growth results. Methods This retrospective analysis included 80 prepubertal idiopathic GHD children treated with rhGH. Anthropometric data were obtained from medical records made at an initial visit and then follow-up visits after 12 and 24 months of treatment. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and standardized into z-score, basing on Cole’s LMS method. Then, the BMI z-score was analyzed in relation to the parameters of growth response. Results The higher the BMI z-score at treatment entry, the greater the increase in height during the first twelve months of rhGH therapy. BMI z-score ≥0 noted at the beginning of each year of the treatment are associated with significantly better growth increments throughout the first and the second years of the therapy. Conclusion Prepubertal idiopathic GHD children with BMI z-score below 0 would probably benefit from the improvement of their nutritional status prior to the rhGH treatment beginning. It seems that increasing BMI z-score to obtain values between 0 and 1 would be optimal for the growth process.

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A height-weight formula to measure body fat in childhood obesity

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity

Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity

LSS rs2254524 Increases the Risk of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

BMI z-score as a prognostic factor for height velocity in children treated with recombinant human growth hormone due to idiopathic growth hormone deficiency

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