A heat perturbation flow meter for application in soft sediments

Abstract

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Performance of different assessment methods to evaluate contaminant sources and fate in a coastal aquifer

“…These measurements are particularly useful in areas characterized by complex groundwater flow, including coastal areas (Paulsen et al 2001;Lamontagne et al 2002) and/or those impacted by human activities (Greswell et al 2009). In this case study, measurements were focused where the groundwater flow is supposed to be affected by the HFB and by the pumping wells ( Fig.…”

A 3D analysis algorithm to improve interpretation of heat pulse sensor results for the determination of small-scale flow directions and velocities in the hyporheic zone

“…In several studies, heat has been used as a natural tracer to localize water exchange zones (Selker et al, 2006) and to quantify vertical flow with a one-dimensional (1D) solution of the heat transport equation Constantz, 2003, 2004;Schmidt et al, 2006;Anibas et al, 2009;Schornberg et al, 2010). Furthermore, different methods employing heat pulse injection techniques were applied to measure groundwater flow velocity (Melville et al, 1985;Ballard, 1996;Ballard et al, 1996;Alden and Munster, 1997), soil water flux (Kawanishi, 1983;Ren et al, 2000;Yang and Jones, 2009;Kamai et al, 2010) and also hyporheic flow (Greswell, 2005;Greswell et al, 2008Greswell et al, , 2009) two-dimensionally (2D). Few studies, however, have utilized heat as a tracer of hyporheic flow in three dimensions.…”

Application of 3D Printing to the Manufacturing of Groundwater Velocity Probes

“…Recently, the case for supplementing conventional and indirect methods of estimating groundwater velocity with more direct methods has received increased attention (Guaraglia et al 2008 ;Brouyere et al 2008 ;Greswell et al 2009 ;Devlin et al 2009 ;Patterson et al 2010 ;Bayless et al 2011 ;Schillig et al 2011 ;Kempf et al 2013 ;Schillig et al 2016 ;Crawford and Chang 2016 ). The PVP technology was developed to operate in direct contact with the aquifer material (i.e., without a well) and provide magnitude and direction information with good accuracy at the centimeter scale (Labaky et al 2007 ).…”