A healthy debate: Exploring the views of medical doctors on the ethics of artificial intelligence

Martinho, Andreia; Kroesen, Maarten; Chorus, Caspar

doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2021.102190

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Multiple challenges were emphasized in the development and implementation of clinical AI, including an absence of ethically defensible laws and policies ( 11 , 33 , 49 , 55 , 57 , 59 ), ambiguous medico-legal responsibility for errors made by AI ( 11 , 22 – 24 , 37 , 48 , 57 ), data security and the risk of privacy disclosure ( 35 , 40 , 54 , 69 ), “black box” nature of AI algorithms ( 57 , 70 ), low availability of high-quality datasets for training and validation ( 57 ), and shortage of interdisciplinary talents ( 11 ). Among the respondents in our survey, the lack of interdisciplinary talents was the primary concern, followed by an absence of regulatory standards and a scarcity in high-quality data for AI training ( Figure 4C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of clinical artificial intelligence among physicians and medical students: A systematic review with cross-sectional survey

Chen

Zhang²,

Cai³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) needs to be accepted and understood by physicians and medical students, but few have systematically assessed their attitudes. We investigated clinical AI acceptance among physicians and medical students around the world to provide implementation guidance.Materials and methodsWe conducted a two-stage study, involving a foundational systematic review of physician and medical student acceptance of clinical AI. This enabled us to design a suitable web-based questionnaire which was then distributed among practitioners and trainees around the world.ResultsSixty studies were included in this systematic review, and 758 respondents from 39 countries completed the online questionnaire. Five (62.50%) of eight studies reported 65% or higher awareness regarding the application of clinical AI. Although, only 10–30% had actually used AI and 26 (74.28%) of 35 studies suggested there was a lack of AI knowledge. Our questionnaire uncovered 38% awareness rate and 20% utility rate of clinical AI, although 53% lacked basic knowledge of clinical AI. Forty-five studies mentioned attitudes toward clinical AI, and over 60% from 38 (84.44%) studies were positive about AI, although they were also concerned about the potential for unpredictable, incorrect results. Seventy-seven percent were optimistic about the prospect of clinical AI. The support rate for the statement that AI could replace physicians ranged from 6 to 78% across 40 studies which mentioned this topic. Five studies recommended that efforts should be made to increase collaboration. Our questionnaire showed 68% disagreed that AI would become a surrogate physician, but believed it should assist in clinical decision-making. Participants with different identities, experience and from different countries hold similar but subtly different attitudes.ConclusionMost physicians and medical students appear aware of the increasing application of clinical AI, but lack practical experience and related knowledge. Overall, participants have positive but reserved attitudes about AI. In spite of the mixed opinions around clinical AI becoming a surrogate physician, there was a consensus that collaborations between the two should be strengthened. Further education should be conducted to alleviate anxieties associated with change and adopting new technologies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of clinical artificial intelligence among physicians and medical students: A systematic review with cross-sectional survey

Chen

Zhang²,

Cai³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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“…In addition to the rule of law, nonlegal instruments also set important guidelines in medical activities. Hence, AI technology must also be seen from the perspective of the psychological, ethical, and moral aspects of treating patients [5,121].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aspect represents an important drawback, as running AI procedures by inexperienced users may lead to biased, subjective outcomes. This problem can be solved by expanding and improving medical school training in AI through familiarizing healthcare workers and taking full advantage of these emerging technologies without disregarding ethical considerations [121].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence—An Updated Overview

Busnatu

Niculescu

Bolocan

et al. 2022

JCM

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Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize modern society in all its aspects. Encouraged by the variety and vast amount of data that can be gathered from patients (e.g., medical images, text, and electronic health records), researchers have recently increased their interest in developing AI solutions for clinical care. Moreover, a diverse repertoire of methods can be chosen towards creating performant models for use in medical applications, ranging from disease prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis to opting for the most appropriate treatment for an individual patient. In this respect, the present paper aims to review the advancements reported at the convergence of AI and clinical care. Thus, this work presents AI clinical applications in a comprehensive manner, discussing the recent literature studies classified according to medical specialties. In addition, the challenges and limitations hindering AI integration in the clinical setting are further pointed out.

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“…Well-developed and validated AI devices with supportive regulatory context, appropriate reimbursement and successful primary implementation may still fail if physicians, patients, and society lose trust due to lack of transparency and other critical elements of trustworthiness such as perceived inattention to health disparity or racial injustice. In a recent survey, Martinho et al (32) found significant perceived mistrust among healthcare providers in regard to AI systems and the AI industry while realizing the importance and benefits of this new technology. Responders also emphasized the importance of ethical utilization, and the need for physician-in-the-loop interactions with AI systems, among the other factors.…”

Section: Trust and Trustworthinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear Medicine: Opportunities, Challenges, and Responsibilities Toward a Trustworthy Ecosystem

Saboury

Bradshaw

Boellaard³

et al. 2022

J Nucl Med

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A healthy debate: Exploring the views of medical doctors on the ethics of artificial intelligence

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Acceptance of clinical artificial intelligence among physicians and medical students: A systematic review with cross-sectional survey

Acceptance of clinical artificial intelligence among physicians and medical students: A systematic review with cross-sectional survey

Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence—An Updated Overview

Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear Medicine: Opportunities, Challenges, and Responsibilities Toward a Trustworthy Ecosystem

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