“…The demand for emergency, critical, and operative care far surpasses the current capacity in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading to numerous deaths annually. [1][2][3][4] However, historically, emergency, critical, and operative care (ECO) services have been underdeveloped in LMICs due to resource limitations, disease-specific "vertical" initiatives, and misconceptions about the effectiveness and cost of these services in resource-limited settings. [5,6] In response to this unmet need, the World Health Assembly passed Resolution WHA 76.2 in 2023, focusing on integrated ECO services for universal health coverage and protection during health emergencies.…”