A health survey of toll booth workers

Strauss, Penelope; Orris, Peter; Buckley, Lisa

doi:10.1016/0022-4375(93)90017-h

Cited by 2 publications

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“…A recent study conducted at the same tollbooth facility that is the subject of this investigation reported that the curbside concentration of these carcinogens is associated with traffic volume and vehicle type (10). A number of studies have linked traffic levels to increased cancer risk including childhood leukemia (11,12), while others looking at short-term effects have reported statistically significant positive associations for acute irritant effects of the nose and throat along with nausea and headaches (13), central nervous systems complaints (14), and decreased pulmonary function (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tollbooth Workers and Mobile Source-Related Hazardous Air Pollutants: How Protective Is the Indoor Environment?

Sapkota

Williams

Buckley

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Tollbooth workers are potentially exposed to high levels of mobile source-related air pollutants due to the proximity and intensity of the source. To evaluate this worker hazard, we measured the concentration of air toxins including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inside and outside a Baltimore Harbor Tunnel tollbooth during the summer of 2001. Mean outdoor benzene and 1,3-butadiene concentrations varied by shift with the morning (10.7 and 19.8 μg/m3) exceeding afternoon (7.2 and 14.9 μg/m3) and the lowest levels observed during the night (3.7 and 4.9 μg/m3, respectively) when traffic volume was the lowest. In comparison, considerable protection was provided to workers by the indoor environment where lower concentrations of 1,3-butadiene and benzene were observed for all three shifts (2.9 and 6.7, 0.9 and 3.2, and 0.9 and 2.4 μg/m3, respectively). The greatest protection offered by the tollbooth was observed during the afternoon shift (5−8-fold reduction in indoor concentra tion), whereas the morning and night shifts experienced similar protection (2−4-fold reduction). Chlorinated hydrocarbons were observed at higher concentrations within the tollbooth, indicating the presence of indoor sources and the opportunity for exposure mitigation. Levels of PAHs were similarly reduced from outdoors (50 ng/m3) to indoors (15.4 ng/m3). The protective nature of the tollbooth highlighted in this study is likely due to the positive pressure control ventilation system that was present at this specific facility, which represents 55% of tollbooths in Maryland. This study provides an estimate of tollbooth workers potential exposures to various mobile source-related pollutants and highlights the protective nature of tollbooths equipped with positive pressure control ventilation systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tollbooth Workers and Mobile Source-Related Hazardous Air Pollutants: How Protective Is the Indoor Environment?

Sapkota

Williams

Buckley

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Since the manual system caused work is done manually and repetitive, workstation which is not ergonomics will cause operator fatigue and also decline the performance. Moreover, the toll booth operator is potentially affected by Musculoskeletal Disorder [1] and other discomfort [2]. The risk of physical complaints on toll operators in doing transactions is approximately 21% [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Human Modeling and Simulation for Toll Booth Design in Indonesia

Septyan

Nurtjahyo

2013

AEF

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This research studies the ergonomic aspect from toll booth and operators performance. It is mainly based on working posture and service time of operators. The analysis of working posture based on Posture Evaluation Index using Software Jack 6.1, meanwhile service time based on queuing theory using WinQsb. The output of the study can be divided to actual and 36 reconfiguration design. The results suggest that the most ergonomic design is with 51 cm in seat height, 5 cm in foot rest height, and 80 cm in desk height. Based on simulation, it can reduce the average time of costumer spend in the queue until 82% from 35.31 seconds to 6.4 seconds. 1.Introduction Congestion is one of the main problems on transportation sector in Indonesia, especially happened in toll booth. Congestion in toll booth causes many road users have to wait a long time. One of the factors that affect it, because the toll booth operated in Indonesia generally still used manual systems. Manual systems based on human as the operator for its service, hence human factor becomes important for improving service quality in toll booth.Unfortunately, the issues about human factors in the design of work systems tend to be ignored. Consequently, it affected most of the workstations not ergonomics. Since the manual system caused work is done manually and repetitive, workstation which is not ergonomics will cause operator fatigue and also decline the performance. Moreover, the toll booth operator is potentially affected by Musculoskeletal Disorder [1] and other discomfort [2]. The risk of physical complaints on toll operators in doing transactions is approximately 21% [3]. One of the steps that can be done to improve the performance of the toll booth operators and service performance is by developing the work system that focuses on the operator. The work systems development includes the design of an ergonomic workstation for the operator. Consequently, the operator can improve the performance and will not get fatigue easily. In this research, the approach is divided into two main sections: ergonomics and queuing simulation. The main objective of this research is to design toll booth which can increase operators performance. MethodologyIn this research, the main area is related to virtual/digital human modelling ergonomics [4]. Virtual human modeling (VHM) is ergonomics concept which usually refers to modeling physical aspect of human with main focus on anthropometry and physical strain. We combine VHM with ergonomics approach and queuing simulation in terms of service performance on operator. Ergonomics approach that used in this study is a method of Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) [5]. This method aims to calculate the human posture comfort level that is modeled in the Jack 6.1 and based on Task Analysis Toolkit. Jack Software is designed to model and simulate human interaction with the environment and working tools when analyzing the ergonomics aspects of the model that has been created [6]. Jack is used for digital human modeling in the virtual env...

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A health survey of toll booth workers

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Tollbooth Workers and Mobile Source-Related Hazardous Air Pollutants: How Protective Is the Indoor Environment?

Tollbooth Workers and Mobile Source-Related Hazardous Air Pollutants: How Protective Is the Indoor Environment?

Virtual Human Modeling and Simulation for Toll Booth Design in Indonesia

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