A health risk assessment of heavy metals in people consuming Sohan in Qom, Iran

Mohammadi, Mohammad Javad; Yari, Ahmad Reza; Saghazadeh, Mojgan; Sobhanardakani, Soheil; Geravandi, Sahar; Afkar, Abolhasan; Salehi, Seyedeh Zahra; Valipour, Aliasghr; Biglari, Hamed; Hosseini, Seyed Ahmad; Rastegarimehr, Babak; Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi; Khaniabadi, Yusef Omidi

doi:10.1080/15569543.2017.1362655

Cited by 61 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Despite the use of insecticides across the world, numerous problems have been raised, i.e., environmental contamination, hazardous effects on human/animal and future outbreak of resistance in pests. The exposure of insecticides and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn) in a combination form immensely affect human health [57][58][59].…”

Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Insects/Pests

Khan¹,

Uddin²,

Rizwan³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The main purpose of this study is to provide essential information regarding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance and to report candidate genes which are responsible for resistance in insects/pests. There are two basic resistance mechanisms existing in pests, i.e., target site resistance and metabolic resistance. During resistance of target site, the specific binding site of an insecticide is modified (mutated) and/or lost, which makes the target site incompatible for activation. Mutation occurs in most common pest (Myzus persicae, Musca domestica and Drosophila melanogaster) target regions, i.e., subunits like nicotinic acetylene choline receptors (nAChRs), knock-down resistance (KDR) etc. Due to these mutations, insecticides are unable to bind into the target region, resulting in loss of binding affinity. Furthermore, in metabolic resistance over production of enzymes occurs which break down (detoxify) insecticides and resulting resistance of pests. The amplification of metabolic enzymes, i.e., Cytochromes p450 monooxygenase, hydrolyses, and Glutathione S-transferase play a central role in evolving metabolic resistance. Various successful approaches are used to combat pests resistance such as insecticides, bio-pesticides and biological control agents. However, some of these strategies have certain limitations such as contamination of the environment, while others possess a low capacity in management of pests. Recent studies have highlighted some novel mechanisms of insecticide resistance that are part of the ongoing efforts to define the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in insect species.

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Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Insects/Pests

Khan¹,

Uddin²,

Rizwan³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…They exist in water, air, soil and consequently also in food making it essential to assess the amount of toxic trace elements in these compartments with particular emphasis on the food chain. Cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury are generally toxic to soil microbial populations, plants as well as humans [ 14 , 17 , 18 ], while copper, nickel and zinc act as micronutrients in low concentrations but can still be toxic when contents are high [ 19 , 20 ]. They enter the food chain when accumulated in plant tissues resulting in further accumulation in human organs over time [ 21 ] that eventually can cause adverse health effects [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between heavy metals and colon cancer: an ecological study based on geographical information systems in North-Eastern Iran

et al. 2021

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Background Colorectal cancer has increased in Middle Eastern countries and exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals has been implicated. However, data linking them to this disease are generally lacking. This study aimed to explore the spatial pattern of age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colon cancer and its potential association with the exposure level of the amount of heavy metals existing in rice produced in north-eastern Iran. Methods Cancer data were drawn from the Iranian population-based cancer registry of Golestan Province, north-eastern Iran. Samples of 69 rice milling factories were analysed for the concentration levels of cadmium, nickel, cobalt, copper, selenium, lead and zinc. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm was used to interpolate the concentration of this kind of heavy metals on the surface of the study area. Exploratory regression analysis was conducted to build ordinary least squares (OLS) models including every possible combination of the candidate explanatory variables and chose the most useful ones to show the association between heavy metals and the ASR of colon cancer. Results The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the central part of the province and particularly counties with higher amount of cobalt were shown to be associated with higher ASR of men with colon cancer. In contrast, selenium concentrations were higher in areas with lower ASR of colon cancer in men. A significant regression equation for men with colon cancer was found (F(4,137) = 38.304, P < .000) with an adjusted R2 of 0.77. The predicted ASR of men colon cancer was − 58.36 with the coefficients for cobalt = 120.33; cadmium = 80.60; selenium = − 6.07; nickel = − 3.09; and zinc = − 0.41. The association of copper and lead with colon cancer in men was not significant. We did not find a significant outcome for colon cancer in women. Conclusion Increased amounts of heavy metals in consumed rice may impact colon cancer incidence, both positively and negatively. While there were indications of an association between high cobalt concentrations and an increased risk for colon cancer, we found that high selenium concentrations might instead decrease the risk. Further investigations are needed to clarify if there are ecological or other reasons for these discrepancies. Regular monitoring of the amount of heavy metals in consumed rice is recommended.

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“…Metal residues are considered as major contaminants of foods. Environmental pollution resulted from natural or human activity is among the most important sources of heavy metals in foods [ 2 , 3 ]. According to the World Health Organization report, 25 % of the diseases occurred to human is through long-time exposure to environmental contamination [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%