A health risk assessment for exposure to trace metals via drinking water ingestion pathway

Abstract

A health risk assessment was conducted for exposure to trace metals via drinking water ingestion pathway for Province of İzmir, Turkey. Concentrations of 11 trace metals were measured in drinking waters collected from 100 population weighted random sampling units (houses). The samples were analyzed in atomic absorption spectrometry for arsenic, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry for Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. Questionnaires were administered to a participant from each sampling unit to determine drinking water consumption related information and demographics. Exposure and risks were estimated for each individual by direct calculation, and for İzmir population by Monte Carlo simulation. Six trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) were detected in 450% of the samples. Concentrations of As and Ni exceeded the corresponding standards in 20% and 58% of the samples, respectively. As a result, arsenic noncarcinogenic risks were higher than the level of concern for 19% of the population, whereas carcinogenic risks were 410 À4 for 46%, and 410 À6 for 90% of the population.

Speciated arsenic concentrations, exposure, and associated health risks for rice and bulgur

“…Although Qian et al (2010) used PTWI as the reference dose, similarly to this study, chronic-toxic risks estimated for Chinese people were <1. All of the estimated carcinogenic risks using the in-effect SF value for bulgur were below the acceptable risk level of 1.0 Â 10 À4 (Kavcar et al, 2009). The proportion of the participants with R > 1.0 Â 10 À4 rose to 5% when the estimation was based on the proposed SF value.…”

“…tAs was not detectable (<1 ng/g) in a small sample (n = 10) of wheat grains from Tekirdag, Turkey (Koc et al, 2009). Although many food stuffs consumed in Turkey, including rice (Gunduz and Akman, 2013;Uluozlu et al, 2010), have been analyzed for As content, the studies were generally analytical method development studies with small sample sizes; none of them was based on an exposure assessment approach except for drinking water (Kavcar et al, 2009) and tea (Sofuoglu and Kavcar, 2008). Bulgur has not yet been studied at all.…”

Groundwater contamination and its effect on health in Turkey

“…For example, 40% of the city ofİzmir's water comes from the Göksu and Sarıkız (Manisa) drill holes. The concentration of arsenic in these drill holes exceeds the drinking water limits (10 ppb) and signs carcinogenic risks (Kavcar et al 2009). All this contamination is related to geological formation.…”

Health Risk Assessment for Heavy Metals in Natural Cold-Bicarbonated Mineral Water, Wudalianchi

“…So it becomes more and more popular in the field of drinking water. There are many kinds of HMs derived from natural dissolved in mineral water, and lots of researches indicated that excessive HMs enter in the water would cause risk for human health [5].…”