Abstract:Findings did not support the efficacy of the intervention. Results may have been impacted by the wide variability of individualized health and wellness goals selected by group members, the structure and/or content of the group, and/or the outcome measures selected.
“…Assessment resulted in 119 references being excluded with reasons outlined in Figure 1 . Five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review [ 55 - 59 ]. Figure 1 Study flow diagram.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fifth study was published in Korean [ 58 ], and an independent translation was obtained. Two studies were performed in the USA [ 55 , 56 ], one in Australia [ 57 ], one in Korea [ 58 ], and one in Hong Kong [ 59 ]. The interventions examined in each study varied in regard to both content and delivery characteristics.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Demographic details of study participants are outlined in Table 2 . Four of the studies examined participants following stroke [ 56 - 59 ], while one studied participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) [ 55 ]. Most studies included in this review had relatively small sample sizes, although one study had 190 participants [ 59 ].…”
BackgroundIndividuals living with acquired brain injury, typically caused by stroke or trauma, are far less likely to achieve recommended levels of physical activity for optimal health and well-being. With a growing number of people living with chronic disease and disability globally, self-management programs are seen as integral to the management of these conditions and the prevention of secondary health conditions. However, to date, there has been no systematic review of the literature examining the efficacy of self-management programs specifically on physical activity in individuals with acquired brain injury, whether delivered face-to-face or remotely. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of self-management programs in increasing physical activity levels in adults living in the community following acquired brain injury. The efficacy of remote versus face-to-face delivery was also examined.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted. Electronic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers screened all studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias, and extracted relevant data.ResultsFive studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Studies were widely heterogeneous with respect to program content and delivery characteristics and outcomes, although all programs utilized behavioral change principles. Four of the five studies examined interventions in which physical activity was a component of a multifaceted intervention, where the depth to which physical activity specific content was covered, and the extent to which skills were taught and practiced, could not be clearly established. Three studies showed favorable physical activity outcomes following self-management interventions for stroke; however, risk of bias was high, and overall efficacy remains unclear. Although not used in isolation from face-to-face delivery, remote delivery via telephone was the predominant form of delivery in two studies with support for its inclusion in self-management programs for individuals following stroke.ConclusionsThe efficacy of self-management programs in increasing physical activity levels in community-dwelling adults following acquired brain injury (ABI) is still unknown. Research into the efficacy of self-management programs specifically aimed at improving physical activity in adults living in the community following acquired brain injury is needed. The efficacy of remote delivery methods also warrants further investigation.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42013006748Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0039-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Assessment resulted in 119 references being excluded with reasons outlined in Figure 1 . Five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review [ 55 - 59 ]. Figure 1 Study flow diagram.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fifth study was published in Korean [ 58 ], and an independent translation was obtained. Two studies were performed in the USA [ 55 , 56 ], one in Australia [ 57 ], one in Korea [ 58 ], and one in Hong Kong [ 59 ]. The interventions examined in each study varied in regard to both content and delivery characteristics.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Demographic details of study participants are outlined in Table 2 . Four of the studies examined participants following stroke [ 56 - 59 ], while one studied participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) [ 55 ]. Most studies included in this review had relatively small sample sizes, although one study had 190 participants [ 59 ].…”
BackgroundIndividuals living with acquired brain injury, typically caused by stroke or trauma, are far less likely to achieve recommended levels of physical activity for optimal health and well-being. With a growing number of people living with chronic disease and disability globally, self-management programs are seen as integral to the management of these conditions and the prevention of secondary health conditions. However, to date, there has been no systematic review of the literature examining the efficacy of self-management programs specifically on physical activity in individuals with acquired brain injury, whether delivered face-to-face or remotely. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of self-management programs in increasing physical activity levels in adults living in the community following acquired brain injury. The efficacy of remote versus face-to-face delivery was also examined.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted. Electronic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers screened all studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias, and extracted relevant data.ResultsFive studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Studies were widely heterogeneous with respect to program content and delivery characteristics and outcomes, although all programs utilized behavioral change principles. Four of the five studies examined interventions in which physical activity was a component of a multifaceted intervention, where the depth to which physical activity specific content was covered, and the extent to which skills were taught and practiced, could not be clearly established. Three studies showed favorable physical activity outcomes following self-management interventions for stroke; however, risk of bias was high, and overall efficacy remains unclear. Although not used in isolation from face-to-face delivery, remote delivery via telephone was the predominant form of delivery in two studies with support for its inclusion in self-management programs for individuals following stroke.ConclusionsThe efficacy of self-management programs in increasing physical activity levels in community-dwelling adults following acquired brain injury (ABI) is still unknown. Research into the efficacy of self-management programs specifically aimed at improving physical activity in adults living in the community following acquired brain injury is needed. The efficacy of remote delivery methods also warrants further investigation.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42013006748Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0039-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…The range of definitions and measures used in the studies in this special section reflects not only the breadth of concepts relevant to positive outcomes, but also the fact that applying positive perspectives to the study of ABI is a relatively new endeavor. Nonetheless, rehabilitation researchers are already exploring the efficacy of positive psychology, positive parenting interventions, and health and wellness programs for promoting optimal outcome in individuals with ABI (e.g., Andrewes et al, 2014;Antonini et al, 2012;Ashworth et al, 2015;Brenner et al, 2012). The conceptual boundaries between the constructs of positive psychology, plasticity, reserve, resilience, character strengths, coping, healthy behaviors, optimal outcome, quality of life, and wellness may well be somewhat blurry.…”
“…This instrument was used by Brenner et al (362) in a study of health and wellness interventions for individuals with moderate to severe TBI. Insofar as we can determine, this is the only study to date to use the PART-O.…”
Psychophysiological investigations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are being conducted for several reasons, including the objective of learning more about the underlying physiological mechanisms of the pathological processes that can be initiated by a head injury. Additional goals include the development of objective physiologically based measures that can be used to monitor the response to treatment and to identify minimally symptomatic individuals who are at risk of delayed-onset neuropsychiatric disorders following injury. Research programs studying TBI search for relationships between psychophysiological measures, particularly ERP (event-related potential) component properties (e.g., timing, amplitude, scalp distribution), and a participant’s clinical condition. Moreover, the complex relationships between brain injury and psychiatric disorders are receiving increased research attention, and ERP technologies are making contributions to this effort. This review has two objectives supporting such research efforts. The first is to review evidence indicating that TBI is a significant risk factor for post-injury neuropsychiatric disorders. The second objective is to introduce ERP researchers who are not familiar with neuropsychiatric assessment to the instruments that are available for characterizing TBI, post-concussion syndrome, and psychiatric disorders. Specific recommendations within this very large literature are made. We have proceeded on the assumption that, as is typically the case in an ERP laboratory, the investigators are not clinically qualified and that they will not have access to participant medical records.
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