A Head View-Invariant Representation of Gaze Direction in Anterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Carlin, Johan D.; Calder, Andrew J.; Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus; Nili, Hamed; Rowe, James B.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.025

Cited by 111 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Event-related, single image fMRI MVPA studies are still somewhat rare in humans as well (Carlin et al, 2011;Drucker and Aguirre, 2009;Haushofer et al, 2008;Kriegeskorte et al, 2007Kriegeskorte et al, , 2008b. Nevertheless, such studies are important because they come closest to single unit studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stimulus representations in body-selective regions of the macaque cortex assessed with event-related fMRI

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stimulus representations in body-selective regions of the macaque cortex assessed with event-related fMRI

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It should also be taken into account that our findings are based on the use of CFS, which is just one of several methods available in the laboratory setting to suppress visual stimuli from awareness. As pointed out previously, however, interocular suppression itself also occurs under natural viewing conditions (Arnold, 2011;O'Shea, 2011), thus rendering the method ecologically relevant. Moreover, CFS is well suited and now widely used to measure the potency of visual stimuli to gain access to awareness (Gayet et al, 2014; Stein and Sterzer, 2014) and its use in the current fMRI study allows us to directly relate our neural findings to earlier behavioral reports (Stein et al, 2011;Chen and Yeh, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the FFA [mean peak voxel left: (x, y, z) ϭ Ϫ41, Ϫ54, Ϫ19; right: (x, y, z) ϭ 43, Ϫ53, Ϫ18] and the amygdala [mean peak voxel left: (x, y, z) ϭ Ϫ22, Ϫ4, Ϫ15; right: (x, y, z) ϭ 22, Ϫ6, Ϫ14], we used anatomical masks of the fusiform gyrus and the amygdala, respectively, provided by the WFU pickatlas (http:// fmri.wfubmc.edu/software/PickAtlas). To study the neural responses in the STS [mean peak voxel left: (x, y, z) ϭ Ϫ49, Ϫ56, 13; right: (x, y, z) ϭ 52, Ϫ54, 10] and IPS [mean peak voxel left: (x, y, z) ϭ Ϫ35, Ϫ60, 45; right: (x, y, z) ϭ 39, Ϫ53, 50], probabilistic masks for these regions were generated based on coordinates obtained from at least nine previous studies investigating facial stimuli and by fitting a 3D Gaussian model to the coordinate set (STS: Puce et al, 1998;Hoffman and Haxby, 2000;George et al, 2001;Hooker et al, 2003;Pelphrey et al, 2004Pelphrey et al, , 2005Mosconi et al, 2005;Schilbach et al, 2006;Engell and Haxby, 2007;Sato et al, 2008Sato et al, , 2009Nummenmaa et al, 2010Nummenmaa et al, , 2012Carlin et al, 2011;Ethofer et al, 2011;IPS: Hoffman and Haxby, 2000;Kato et al, 2001;Hooker et al, 2003;Grosbras et al, 2005;Bristow et al, 2007;Hadjikhani et al, 2008;Nummenmaa et al, 2010Nummenmaa et al, , 2012. We then extracted parameter estimates from the individually defined peak voxels in all our ROIs from each hemisphere for the six regressors of interest.…”

Section: Analysis Of Behavioral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze Direction Modulates the Relation between Neural Responses to Faces and Visual Awareness

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gaze direction and especially direct gaze is a powerful nonverbal cue that plays an important role in social interactions. Here we studied the neural mechanisms underlying the privileged access of direct gaze to visual awareness. We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy human volunteers who were exposed to faces with direct or averted gaze under continuous flash suppression, thereby manipulating their awareness of the faces. A gaze processing network comprising fusiform face area (FFA), superior temporal sulcus, amygdala, and intraparietal sulcus showed overall reduced neural responses when participants reported to be unaware of the faces. Interestingly, direct gaze elicited greater responses than averted gaze when participants were aware of the faces, but smaller responses when they were unaware. Additional between-subject correlation and single-trial analyses indicated that this pattern of results was due to a modulation of the relationship between neural responses and awareness by gaze direction: with increasing neural activation in the FFA, direct-gaze faces entered awareness more readily than averted-gaze faces. These findings suggest that for direct gaze, lower levels of neural activity are sufficient to give rise to awareness than for averted gaze, thus providing a neural basis for privileged access of direct gaze to awareness.

show abstract

“…To test for modality-specific representations, we localized regions that might contain information specific to overt facial expressions: the right middle superior temporal sulcus (rmSTS), hypothesized to code for facial motion parameters (Pelphrey et al, 2005;Calder et al, 2007;Carlin et al, 2011), and face-selective patches in right occipitotemporal cortex thought to code for identity-relevant face features [occipital face area (rOFA) and fusiform face area (rFFA); Kanwisher and Yovel, 2006]. For this analysis, we again correct for multiple comparisons using ␣ ϭ 0.017 (0.05/3).…”

Section: Regions Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Neural Code for Perceived and Inferred Emotion

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the emotions of other people can often be perceived from overt reactions (e.g., facial or vocal expressions), they can also be inferred from situational information in the absence of observable expressions. How does the human brain make use of these diverse forms of evidence to generate a common representation of a target's emotional state? In the present research, we identify neural patterns that correspond to emotions inferred from contextual information and find that these patterns generalize across different cues from which an emotion can be attributed. Specifically, we use functional neuroimaging to measure neural responses to dynamic facial expressions with positive and negative valence and to short animations in which the valence of a character's emotion could be identified only from the situation. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we test for regions that contain information about the target's emotional state, identifying representations specific to a single stimulus type and representations that generalize across stimulus types. In regions of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), a classifier trained to discriminate emotional valence for one stimulus (e.g., animated situations) could successfully discriminate valence for the remaining stimulus (e.g., facial expressions), indicating a representation of valence that abstracts away from perceptual features and generalizes across different forms of evidence. Moreover, in a subregion of MPFC, this neural representation generalized to trials involving subjectively experienced emotional events, suggesting partial overlap in neural responses to attributed and experienced emotions. These data provide a step toward understanding how the brain transforms stimulus-bound inputs into abstract representations of emotion.

show abstract

A Head View-Invariant Representation of Gaze Direction in Anterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Cited by 111 publications

References 28 publications

Stimulus representations in body-selective regions of the macaque cortex assessed with event-related fMRI

Stimulus representations in body-selective regions of the macaque cortex assessed with event-related fMRI

Gaze Direction Modulates the Relation between Neural Responses to Faces and Visual Awareness

A Common Neural Code for Perceived and Inferred Emotion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About