A Harmonic Automotive Radar for Bicycle Detection with RFID Tags at 79/158 GHz

Braun, Tobias T.; Schoepfel, Jan; Schweer, Christian; Pohl, Nils

doi:10.1109/ims37962.2022.9865601

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This P sat reaches up to −12 dBm single-endedly. The maximum conversion gain of 40 dB results in an equivalent RCS of 0 dBsm for antennas with 12 dBi at input and output, when calculated as shown in [3]. Inside an inharmonic radar at f out =137.5 GHz, saturation occurs, if…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Braun,

Schöpfel,

Bredendiek

et al. 2024

IEEE Microw. Wireless Tech. Lett.

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Vulnerable road users like pedestrians, pedal-, and motorcyclists have accounted for an increasing proportion of traffic fatalities in the last 15 years. Simultaneously, harmonic radar systems have been implemented for applications where distinction between specific targets and surrounding clutter is required. However, the doubled frequencies conventionally used in harmonic radar systems are not licensed for automotive applications. Connecting the 76-81 GHz automotive band with the 134-141 GHz currently going through regulation instead necessitates what we propose to call inharmonic radar. Therefore, an innovative frequency modulation instead of doubling is required. This modulation is achieved and presented in this work with an active tag based on a novel 1.75 times fractional frequency multiplier. It successfully implements the required frequency conversion upward of -53 dBm of input power with undesired spectral components suppressed by more than 20 dB.

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Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the safety of vulnerable road users with a small radar cross section (RCS) should be of growing concern. Therefore, we have presented a harmonic radar system in previous research [3], [4], [5]. It allows for detecting vulnerable road users like pedal cyclists in a separate, clutter-free receive channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Braun,

Schöpfel,

Bredendiek

et al. 2024

IEEE Microw. Wireless Tech. Lett.

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“…The antennas and the cavity for the chip are lasered into 16. Measurements to determine the maximum range from [19]. The received power follows the theoretical proportionalities presented in Fig.…”

Section: B Tag Pcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [19], the maximum range of the complete system was investigated. For the sake of completeness, the results of those measurements are repeated in Fig.…”

Section: B Tag Pcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To use this approach for bicycle detection, we designed a harmonic radar system based on harmonic RFID tags. We recently published a brief overview of the necessary hardware with measurements inside a hallway to showcase the benefits of this approach in [19]. This article is an extended version going into more detail on all the necessary monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and the printed-circuit boards (PCBs), including waveguide transitions covering the W -and D-bands, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expanding the Capabilities of Automotive Radar for Bicycle Detection With Harmonic RFID Tags at 79/158 GHz

Braun

Schoepfel

Kwiatkowski

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Although traffic safety continues to improve overall, fatalities of vulnerable traffic participants and pedal cyclists specifically have reached 30-year highs. While automotive radar sensors continue to advance and are integrated in more and more vehicles, they are not ideally suited to detect pedal cyclists, especially in complicated traffic scenarios. To mitigate the problem of the lower radar-cross section (RCS) of the cyclist, equipping them with harmonic radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is proposed. The presented system showcases the benefits of this approach by being able to conduct conventional automotive radar measurements and detect tags simultaneously. In this work, we present the printed-circuit boards (PCBs) and the necessary chipset, while especially focusing on the design of a power-efficient harmonic RFID tag. By improving the gain per current of an amplifier chain, the tag enables a range sufficient for urban scenarios while consuming little enough current to be powered by battery-operated lights. This enables the detection of pedal cyclists even in complicated scenarios at a distance of up to 80 m.

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Introducing Inharmonic Radar: Tag Detection in the Automotive Bands of Present and Future at 76–81/134–141 GHz via Fractional Multiplication

Braun,

Schöpfel,

Bredendiek

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Microw.

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A Harmonic Automotive Radar for Bicycle Detection with RFID Tags at 79/158 GHz

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Connecting the Automotive Bands of Present and Future With a Tag for Inharmonic Radar at 76–81/134–141 GHz

Expanding the Capabilities of Automotive Radar for Bicycle Detection With Harmonic RFID Tags at 79/158 GHz

Introducing Inharmonic Radar: Tag Detection in the Automotive Bands of Present and Future at 76–81/134–141 GHz via Fractional Multiplication

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