A Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for DC Protection

Vygoder, Mark; Milton, Matthew; Gudex, Jacob; Cuzner, Robert; Benigni, Andrea

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2020.3017769

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In future work, the hardware-in-the-loop will be conducted to perform real-time simulation of the power system [47][48][49]. The platform used to execute the proposed framework is OPAL-RT OP5600 equipped in UNSW RTS lab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Evolution-Based Overcurrent Protection for DC Microgrids

Zhang

et al. 2021

Energies

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DC microgrids have advantages over AC microgrids in terms of system efficiency, cost, and system size. However, a well-designed overcurrent protection approach for DC microgrids remains a challenge. Recognizing this, this paper presents a novel differential evolution (DE) based protection framework for DC microgrids. First, a simplified DC microgrid model is adopted to provide the analytical basis of the DE algorithm. The simplified model does not sacrifice performance criterion in steady-state simulation, which is verified through extensive simulation studies. A DE-based novel overcurrent protection scheme is then proposed to protect the DC microgrid. This DE method provides an innovative way to calculate the maximum line current, which can be used for the overcurrent protection threshold setting and the relay coordination time setting. The detailed load condition and solar irradiance for each bus can be obtained by proposed DE-based method. Finally, extensive case studies involving faults at different locations are performed to validate the proposed strategy’s effectiveness. The expandability of the proposed DE-based overcurrent protection framework has been confirmed by further case studies in seven bus mesh systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Evolution-Based Overcurrent Protection for DC Microgrids

Zhang

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…• independently on the model used for the power electronics converter the dynamic of interest are governed by very small parasitic values. For example, in [30] a platform for testing of DC protection has been developed, in this case the very small time step used was required by the short cable considered and not by the switching frequency. To conclude, another application for which FPGA based solver appears as a suitable solution is the real-time analysis of common mode effect.…”

Section: A Recommendation For Model's Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

On Modeling Depths of Power Electronic Circuits for Real-Time Simulation – A Comparative Analysis for Power Systems

Carne

Lauss

Syed

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Power Energy

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Investigations of the dynamic behaviour of power electronic components integrated into electric networks require suitable and established simulation methodologies. Real-time simulation represents a frequently applied methodology for analyzing the steady-state and transient behavior of electric power systems. This work introduces a guideline on how to model power electronics converters in digital real time simulators, taking into account the trade-off between model accuracy and the required computation time. Based on this concept, possible execution approaches with respect to the usage of central processing unit and field-programmable gate array components are highlighted. Simulation test scenario, such as primary frequency regulation and low voltage ride through, have been performed and accuracy indices are discussed for each implemented real-time model and each test scenario, respectively. Finally, a run-time analysis of presented real-time setups is given and real-time simulation results are compared. This manuscript demonstrates important differences in real-time simulation modelling, providing useful guidelines for the decision making of power engineers.

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“…• Providing power flow and voltage control, electrical isolation, and power quality enhancements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]; • Enabling fault detection, isolation, post-fault reconfiguration and restoration [1,2,4,5]; and, • Facilitating flexible power dispatch and optimisation when multiple SSTs work in coordination [1,2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive protection scheme can be achieved using software control algorithms and hardware protection devices, including grounding arrangements, circuit breakers, fuses, disconnectors, and sectionalisers [9]. Grounding scheme plays a critical role in protecting SSTs under different scenarios [7,10]. Under normal condition, common mode interference can be effectively suppressed by properly designed grounding schemes and the cooperation of control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…soft open points [2], hybrid transformers [3], and loop balance controller [4, 5], were proposed to act as critical nodes in future distribution systems to interlink grid segments with the same or different voltage levels. These new devices, herein generally classified as solid‐state transformers (SSTs), share several standard functions, including, Serving as multiport nodes to interconnect distribution grids with the same or different voltage forms and levels [1]; Serving as interfaces for distributed generation sites and energy storage systems [1, 2]; Providing power flow and voltage control, electrical isolation, and power quality enhancements [1–19]; Enabling fault detection, isolation, post‐fault reconfiguration and restoration [1, 2, 4, 5]; and, Facilitating flexible power dispatch and optimisation when multiple SSTs work in coordination [1, 2, 4, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of grounding schemes for solid‐state transformers in distribution networks

Zang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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Proposed to be the critical enabling component for future distribution networks, solidstate transformers (SSTs) have drawn much attention lately. They have a massive potential to help reduce size and weight, improve efficiency, integrate microgrids, renewables and energy storages in distribution systems, and can fulfil multiple grid functions such as bidirectional power flow control, fault isolation, system reconfiguration, and post-fault restoration. The introduction of these power electronics devices in distribution systems, however, also brings new challenges to the grid. Extra levels of electromagnetic interference, stray current, and personnel safety are among the most prominent practical issues that proper grounding arrangements can address. In this paper, considerations that should be factored into the grounding scheme design for SST ports with different voltage forms and levels are thoroughly reviewed and summarised. The characteristics of various grounding schemes used in AC and DC distribution systems are evaluated and compared in detail from different perspectives. Based on the comprehensive review, several combinations of grounding schemes are recommended for typical SSTs. In addition, the inclusion of new relay protection devices in the SST grounding scheme design, considering their characteristics and unique requirements, to enhance protection and reliability is also discussed.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for DC Protection

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Differential Evolution-Based Overcurrent Protection for DC Microgrids

Differential Evolution-Based Overcurrent Protection for DC Microgrids

On Modeling Depths of Power Electronic Circuits for Real-Time Simulation – A Comparative Analysis for Power Systems

Overview of grounding schemes for solid‐state transformers in distribution networks

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