A Handy EEG Electrode Set for patients suffering from altered mental state

Abstract

Although electroencephalography (EEG) is an important diagnostic tool for investigating patients with unexplained altered mental state (AMS), recording of emergency EEG is not a clinical routine. This is mainly due to the cumbersome electrode solutions. A Handy EEG Electrode Set consists of ten EEG, two EOG, two ground and two commutative reference hydrogel-coated silver wire electrodes attached to a thin polyester carrier film. The clinical usefulness of the Handy EEG Electrode Set was tested in 13 patients (five females, eight males) with AMS. EEG recordings were conducted at the same time with a standard 10-20 electrode set. The registration in the first patient case without the behind-ear electrodes (T9 and T10), indicated that these electrodes are very crucial to provide clinically relevant information from posterior regions of brain. In following 12 cases, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting EEG abnormality based on the Handy EEG Electrode Set recordings were 83 and 100 %, respectively. The Handy EEG Electrode Set proved to be easy to use and to provide valuable information for the neurophysiological evaluation of a patient suffering from AMS. However, further studies with larger number of patients are warranted to clarify the true diagnostic accuracy and applicability of this approach.

Unobtrusive ambulatory EEG using a smartphone and flexible printed electrodes around the ear

“…Despite these desirable features further improvements could be implemented. The electrode application time could be further reduced by the use of a hydrogel membrane directly attached to the electrode 16 17 18 20 31 , which would also help to further stabilize impedances over longer periods of time. A very fast application time could make the cEEGrid also interesting in the context of emergency EEG.…”

“…Aiming towards this goal we adopted the concept of flexible screen-printed electrodes 16 17 . The placement of disposable screen-printed electrodes in the face and forehead below the hairline has been shown to produce clinically useful information for the monitoring of altered mental states 18 . Based on our experience with miniaturized sintered Ag/AgCl sensors 13 , we designed a re-usable, flexible printed Ag/AgCl electrodes system consisting of ten electrodes arranged in a c-shape to fit around the ear (cEEGrid; Fig.…”

Diagnostic utility of eight-channel EEG for detecting generalized or hemispheric seizures and rhythmic periodic patterns

“…To date, several studies of reduced electrode arrays in the evaluation of adult patients have been published ( Bridgers and Ebersole, 1988 , Foldvary et al, 2000 , Foldvary-Schaefer et al, 2006 , Kolls and Husain, 2007 , Young et al, 2009 , Karakis et al, 2010 , Nitzschke et al, 2012 , Grant et al, 2014a , Rubin et al, 2014 , Tanner et al, 2014 , Brenner et al, 2015 , Lepola et al, 2015 , Muraja-Murro et al, 2015 , Herta et al, 2017 ). Many of these have found higher specificity and lower sensitivity for reduced montage EEG configurations.…”

Diagnostic Value of Electroencephalography with Ten Electrodes in Critically Ill Patients

“…Prior studies on the diagnostic accuracy of abbreviated EEG have used rm-EEG arrays that vary both in total number of electrodes and in montage configuration [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. These arrays intrinsically differ in their sensitivity to detect clinically significant patterns, and it is unwarranted to generalize findings across all forms of rm-EEG.…”