A handheld neural stimulation controller for avian navigation guided by remote control

Shim, So Yeon; Yun, Seunghyeon; Kim, Sunhyo; Choi, Gwang Jin; Baek, Changhoon; Jang, Jungwoo; Jung, Younginha; Sung, Jae Hoon; Park, Jeong Hoan; Seo, Kangmoon; Seo, Jong-Mo; Song, Yoon‐Kyu

doi:10.3233/bme-191070

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A postoperative rest and recovery period of at least 24 hours was provided before initiating electrical stimulation in the birds. Using a wireless stimulation system, 20 flapping and rotating behaviors were induced by stimulating the ventral part of the nucleus intercollicularis (ICo) and formatio reticularis medialis mesencephali (FRM) both on the ground and during flight, as shown in Fig. 7, which confirms successful implantation of the electrodes through the proposed stereotactic surgical method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Investigation of stereotactic surgery for avian brain stimulation by a fully implanted wireless system

Baek¹,

Kim

Jang

et al. 2020

Neurosurgical Focus

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OBJECTIVEThe authors’ goal was to study avian motor brain mapping via wireless stimulation to induce certain behaviors. In this paper, the authors propose an electrode design that is suitable for avian brain stimulation as well as a stereotactic implant procedure for the proposed electrode.METHODSAn appropriate breed for avian brain study was chosen. A fully implantable remote-controlled electrical stimulation system was inserted to minimize discomfort. A suitable electrode design and stereotactic surgery method based on the electrode design were investigated.RESULTSUsing a wireless stimulation system, flapping and rotation behaviors were induced by stimulating the ventral part of the nucleus intercollicularis and formatio reticularis medialis mesencephali both on the ground and during flight.CONCLUSIONSThe authors were able to implant the entire brain stimulation system inside the avian body without any surgical complications. Postoperative observations suggested that the bird did not find the implant uncomfortable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Investigation of stereotactic surgery for avian brain stimulation by a fully implanted wireless system

Baek¹,

Kim

Jang

et al. 2020

Neurosurgical Focus

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“…A handheld, wireless neural stimulation controller and the implantable neurostimulator developed by the authors were used for the experiment [ 26 , 32 , 34 ]. The external controller was composed of a microcontroller (SPARTAN3A, Xilinx, San Jose, CA, USA) and a Zigbee communication module (CC2530, Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the establishment of the brain stereotactic surgery technique using the stereotactic frame in birds [ 18 ], researchers have focused on flight control by electrically stimulating the brain of freely moving pigeons [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. A Swedish research group [ 29 , 30 ] inserted nichrome or platinum-iridium electrodes into the pigeon’s forebrain and applied currents between 0.05−1 mA to induce specific behaviors in the subject, such as concentration, nodding, flapping, avoidance, and head-turning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Stimulation of the Midbrain Nucleus in Pigeons for Avian Flight Control

et al. 2021

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A number of research attempts to understand and modulate sensory and motor skills that are beyond the capability of humans have been underway. They have mainly been expounded in rodent models, where numerous reports of controlling movement to reach target locations by brain stimulation have been achieved. However, in the case of birds, although basic research on movement control has been conducted, the brain nuclei that are triggering these movements have yet to be established. In order to fully control flight navigation in birds, the basic central nervous system involved in flight behavior should be understood comprehensively, and functional maps of the birds’ brains to study the possibility of flight control need to be clarified. Here, we established a stable stereotactic surgery to implant multi-wire electrode arrays and electrically stimulated several nuclei of the pigeon’s brain. A multi-channel electrode array and a wireless stimulation system were implanted in thirteen pigeons. The pigeons' flight trajectories on electrical stimulation of the cerebral nuclei were monitored and analyzed by a 3D motion tracking program to evaluate the behavioral change, and the exact stimulation site in the brain was confirmed by the postmortem histological examination. Among them, five pigeons were able to induce right and left body turns by stimulating the nuclei of the tractus occipito-mesencephalicus (OM), nucleus taeniae (TN), or nucleus rotundus (RT); the nuclei of tractus septo-mesencephalicus (TSM) or archistriatum ventrale (AV) were stimulated to induce flight aviation for flapping and take-off with five pigeons.

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“…The spinal cord stimulator system consists of an implanted neural stimulator and two external devices: a skin attached external relay and a remote controller (Figure 1). Stimulation protocols are preset at the controller and delivered to the external relay via Zigbee communication [34]. Then, the external relay transfers received stimulation protocols and power to the implanted neural stimulator via an inductive link.…”

Section: System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stimulation parameters (the channel configuration, the pulse amplitude, the pulse width, and the pulse rate) and ON/OFF commands are adjusted at the remote controller and wirelessly delivered to the external relay via two Zigbee-compliant RF transceivers (CC2530, Texas Instrument, Dallas, TX, USA) implemented on either side of external devices [34]. Once receiving the data from the remote controller, the wireless transceiver at the external relay tailors the stimulation parameters and controls the class-E amplifiers by generating pulse-width modulated (PWM) data from the general-purpose input/output (GPIO).…”

Section: External Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Implantable Miniaturized Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP)-Based Spinal Cord Stimulator for Pain Control

Yun

Koh

Seo

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Spinal cord stimulation is a therapy to treat the severe neuropathic pain by suppressing the pain signal via electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. The conventional metal packaged and battery-operated implantable pulse generator (IPG) produces electrical pulses to stimulate the spinal cord. Despite its stable operation after implantation, the implantation site is limited due to its bulky size and heavy weight. Wireless communications including wireless power charging is also restricted, which is mainly attributed to the electromagnetic shielding of the metal package. To overcome these limitations, here, we developed a fully implantable miniaturized spinal cord stimulator based on a biocompatible liquid crystal polymer (LCP). The fabrication of electrode arrays in the LCP substrate and monolithically encapsulating the circuitries using LCP packaging reduces the weight (0.4 g) and the size (the width, length, and thickness are 25.3, 9.3, and 1.9 mm, respectively). An inductive link was utilized to wirelessly transfer the power and the data to implanted circuitries to generate the stimulus pulse. Prior to implantation of the device, operation of the pulse generator was evaluated, and characteristics of stimulation electrode such as an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were measured. The LCP-based spinal cord stimulator was implanted into the spared nerve injury rat model. The degree of pain suppression upon spinal cord stimulation was assessed via the Von Frey test where the mechanical stimulation threshold was evaluated by monitoring the paw withdrawal responses. With no spinal cord stimulation, the mechanical stimulation threshold was observed as 1.47 ± 0.623 g, whereas the stimulation threshold was increased to 12.7 ± 4.00 g after spinal cord stimulation, confirming the efficacy of pain suppression via electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. This LCP-based spinal cord stimulator opens new avenues for the development of a miniaturized but still effective spinal cord stimulator.

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A handheld neural stimulation controller for avian navigation guided by remote control

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of stereotactic surgery for avian brain stimulation by a fully implanted wireless system

Investigation of stereotactic surgery for avian brain stimulation by a fully implanted wireless system

Current Stimulation of the Midbrain Nucleus in Pigeons for Avian Flight Control

A Fully Implantable Miniaturized Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP)-Based Spinal Cord Stimulator for Pain Control

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