A handful of carbon

Lehmann, Johannes

doi:10.1038/447143a

Cited by 2,164 publications

(1,149 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Whether PyOM is produced naturally in fires (Czimczik and Masiello, 2007), intentionally for carbon (C) management and/or as an agricultural amendment (Lehmann, 2007;Laird, 2008), it is important to understand how it affects the C cycle (Whitman et al, 2010). PyOM additions to soil can significantly affect plant growth and crop yields (Jeffery et al, 2011) and SOC dynamics (Maestrini et al, 2014;Watzinger et al, 2014;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter

et al. 2016

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Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) additions to soils can have large impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. As the soil microbial community drives SOC fluxes, understanding how PyOM additions affect soil microbes is essential to understanding how PyOM affects SOC. We studied SOC dynamics and surveyed soil bacterial communities after OM additions in a field experiment. We produced and mixed in either 350°C corn stover PyOM or an equivalent initial amount of dried corn stover to a Typic Fragiudept soil. Stover increased SOC-derived and total CO 2 fluxes (up to 6x), and caused rapid and persistent changes in bacterial community composition over 82 days. In contrast, PyOM only temporarily increased total soil CO 2 fluxes (up to 2x) and caused fewer changes in bacterial community composition. Of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that increased in response to PyOM additions, 70% also responded to stover additions. These OTUs likely thrive on easily mineralizable carbon (C) that is found both in stover and, to a lesser extent, in PyOM. In contrast, we also identified unique PyOM responders, which may respond to substrates such as polyaromatic C. In particular, members of Gemmatimonadetes tended to increase in relative abundance in response to PyOM but not to fresh organic matter. We identify taxa to target for future investigations of the mechanistic underpinnings of ecological phenomena associated with PyOM additions to soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter

et al. 2016

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“…There is growing evidence that the application of biochar to soil has the potential to mitigate global warming (Lehmann 2007), improve soil quality (Fellet et al 2011), reduce the bioavailability of organic contaminants , increase nutrient and water retention capacity of soil (Abel et al 2013;Zheng et al 2013a), and thereby increase crop yield (Zhang et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating heavy metal accumulation into rice (Oryza sativa L.) using biochar amendment — a field experiment in Hunan, China

Zheng

Chen

Cai

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

135

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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of bean stalk (BBC) and rice straw (RBC) biochars on the bioavailability of metal(loid)s in soil and their accumulation into rice plants. Phytoavailability of Cd was most dramatically influenced by biochars addition. Both biochars significantly decreased Cd concentrations in iron plaque (35-81 %), roots (30-75 %), shoots (43-79 %) and rice grain (26-71 %). Following biochars addition, Zinc concentrations in roots and shoots decreased by 25.0-44.1 and 19.9-44.2 %, respectively, although no significant decreases were observed in iron plaque and rice grain. Only RBC significantly reduced Pb concentrations in iron plaque (65.0 %) and roots (40.7 %). However, neither biochar significantly changed Pb concentrations in rice shoots and grain. Arsenic phytoavailability was not significantly altered by biochars addition. Calculation of hazard quotients (HQ) associated with rice consumption revealed RBC to represent a promising candidate to mitigate hazards associated with metal(loid) bioaccumulation. RBC reduced Cd HQ from a 5.5 to 1.6. A dynamic factor's way was also used to evaluate the changes in metal(loid) plant uptake process after the soil amendment with two types of biochar. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential for biochar to mitigate the phytoaccumulation of metal(loid)s and to thereby reduce metal(loid) exposure associated with rice consumption.

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“…First, in an effort to mitigate climate change and rising energy cost, crop residues and other waste biomass have been increasingly explored as a renewable energy source (bio-oil and syn-gas) and potentially low-cost and sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels [2]. Biochar is produced as a solid by-product in the pyrolysis of biomass [3]. Second, pyrolytic conversion of organic wastes to biochar has been suggested as a means of reducing the volume and disposal cost of organic wastes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar‐mediated reductive transformation of nitro herbicides and explosives

Oh¹,

Son²,

Chiu³

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

129

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Abstract-Biochar, a subset of black carbon produced via pyrolysis of biomass, has received much attention in recent years due to its potential to address many important issues, from energy and climate to agriculture and environmental quality. Biochar is known to influence the fate and transport of organic contaminants, although its role has been generally assumed to be as an adsorbent. In this study, the authors investigated the ability of biochar to catalyze the reductive reactions of nitro herbicides and explosives. Two biochars, derived from poultry litter and wastewater biosolids, were found to promote the reductive removal of the dinitro herbicides pendimethalin and trifluralin and the explosives 2,4-dinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by dithiothreitol. Parallel experiments using another black carbon material, graphite powder or granular activated carbon, in place of a biochar resulted in comparable rate enhancement to show reduction products, such as 2,4-diaminotoluene and formaldehyde. A cyclization product of trifluralin and reduction products of dinitrotoluene and RDX were detected only when biochar and dithiothreitol were both present, supporting the ability of biochar to promote redox reactions. Three possible catalysts, including graphene moieties, surface functional groups, and redox-active metals, in biochar may be responsible for the biochar-mediated reactions. The environmental significance, implications, and applications of this previously unrecognized role of biochar are discussed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:501-508. # 2012 SETAC

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A handful of carbon

Cited by 2,164 publications

References 7 publications

Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter

Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter

Mitigating heavy metal accumulation into rice (Oryza sativa L.) using biochar amendment — a field experiment in Hunan, China

Biochar‐mediated reductive transformation of nitro herbicides and explosives

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