A Handbook of Industrial Ecology

Ayres, Robert U.; Ayres, Leslie

doi:10.4337/9781843765479

Cited by 337 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…The range includes master alloys such as copper-boron, copper-phosphorus, copper-zirconium, and copper-silver. Alternatively, by-product metals (Zn, In, Ag, etc) produced during the refining of copper [11] can potentially be used directly for the same purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Refinement of Deoxidized Copper

Balart

Patel

Gao

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans A

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This study reports the current status of grain refinement of copper accompanied in particular by a critical appraisal of grain refinement of phosphorus-deoxidized, high residual P (DHP) copper microalloyed with 150 ppm Ag. Some deviations exist in terms of the growth restriction factor (Q) framework, on the basis of empirical evidence reported in the literature for grain size measurements of copper with individual additions of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt pct of Mo, In, Sn, Bi, Sb, Pb, and Se, cast under a protective atmosphere of pure Ar and water quenching. The columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) has been observed in copper, with an individual addition of 0.4B and with combined additions of 0.4Zr-0.04P and 0.4Zr-0.04P-0.015Ag and, in a previous study, with combined additions of 0.1Ag-0.069P (in wt pct). CETs in these B-and Zr-treated casts have been ascribed to changes in the morphology and chemistry of particles, concurrently in association with free solute type and availability. No further grain-refining action was observed due to microalloying additions of B, Mg, Ca, Zr, Ti, Mn, In, Fe, and Zn (~0.1 wt pct) with respect to DHP-Cu microalloyed with Ag, and therefore are no longer relevant for the casting conditions studied. The critical microalloying element for grain size control in deoxidized copper and in particular DHP-Cu is Ag.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Refinement of Deoxidized Copper

Balart

Patel

Gao

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…O teste para dados pareados de Wilcoxon (z) foi utilizado para comparar os contatos obtidos por trajetos dentro das guildas entre áre-as. Os testes estatísticos foram efetuados com o programa BioEstat 5.0 (Ayres et al, 2010), sendo considerados significativos os resultados em que p < 0,05.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Density of invasive exotic palms affecting the understory avifauna in the Atlantic forest, Southeastern Brazil

Campagnoli

Antunes

2017

Neotropical Biology and Conservation

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which permits reproduction, adaptation, and distribution provided the original author and source are credited. ResumoA invasão biológica é um processo frequente em ambientes naturais do mundo inteiro. Em locais invadidos, é necessária a avaliação da interferência da espécie invasora no ecossistema, antes que medidas de manejo sejam adotadas. Trechos do Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren (PEAL), São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, se encontram em diferentes graus de colonização por três espécies de palmeiras exóticas invasoras (PEIs). O presente estudo visou verificar como a densidade dessas PEIs influencia no uso dos habitats pelas aves de sub-bosque. Foram estabelecidas duas áreas amostrais com diferentes densidades de PEIs. Os métodos de trajetos e capturas com rede de neblina foram utilizados em conjunto para o levantamento dos dados sobre a avifauna, e o método de ponto quadrante, aliado à contagem dos indivíduos de PEIs, caracterizou a estrutura da vegetação nessas áreas amostrais. A densidade de PEIs diferiu significativamente entre as áreas. Em relação às aves, ocorreu diminuição significativa no total de contatos obtidos na área com maior densidade de PEIs. Os resultados sugerem que o aumento da densidade de PEIs interfere no uso dos habitats pelas aves, sendo necessário realizar controle das populações dessas palmeiras, para evitar perdas de espécies de aves nas assembleias locais. Palavras-chave:Arecaceae, conservação, invasões biológicas. AbstractBiological invasion is a common process in natural environments around the world. In an invaded habitat, the interference of the invasive species in the ecosystem must be evaluated. The Alberto Löfgren State Park (PEAL) in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, is suffering colonization from three species of invasive exotic palms (IEPs). The present study intended to verify how IEP density influences understory bird assemblages in this park. We have established two sampling areas with different palm density. Both line transects and mist nets were jointly used to survey the avifauna. Point-centered quarter sampling, allied with the counting of individual IEP, characterized the vegetation structure. IEP density differed significantly among sampling areas. We encountered a negative relation between IEP density and bird contacts. The results suggest that the increase in IEPs density interfere with the habitat use by birds. The control of palm populations is required, in order to avoid losses of birds in the future.

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“…Para facilitar os cálculos e assim apresentar os resultados do modelo empírico da avaliação (Tabelas 1 a 3), foram utilizados os softwares BioEstat 5.0® (AYRES et al, 2007) e SPSS Statistic 21®. Convém registrar que o software BioEstat 5.0® apresenta os resultados dos cálculos dos escores dos componentes principais.…”

Section: Pressupostos Fontesunclassified