A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts

Östman, Carina

doi:10.3989/scimar.2000.64s131

Cited by 190 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1A) and each battery contained multiple types of nematocysts. Based on conventional nomenclature (Weill, 1934;Östman, 2000) we identified five types of nematocysts: three types of homotrichous isorhiza haplonemes (termed a-isorhiza, O-isorhiza, A-isorhiza), one type of microbasic eurytele heteroneme (termed a eurytele) and one type of heterotrichous microbasic birhopaloid heteroneme (termed a birhopaloid; Fig. 2A-E, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discharged tubules are distinguished by a variety of morphologies. Tubule dimensions and patterns of spine location are the basis of a formidable nomenclature describing the various nematocyst types (Weill, 1934;Östman, 2000). The functional significance of the great differences in size, shape, and spination of the nematocyst capsules, tubules and shafts is not understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional characteristics of nematocysts found on the scyphomedusa Cyanea capillata

Colin

Costello

2007

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Although prey capture by cnidarians is mediated through nematocysts, their influence on prey selection by cnidarians remains poorly documented. The difficulty in visualizing nematocyst-prey interactions remains the chief obstacle to understanding how the wide variety of nematocyst types influences the mechanics of prey capture. One solution to this limitation has been to assign functional roles to nematocysts based on morphological characters of discharged cnidae. Here we report results of an alternative approach based upon dynamic traits of nematocyst discharge. We examined tubule lengths, tubule discharge velocities and net-togross displacement ratios of tubules of discharging nematocysts possessed by the cosmopolitan scyphomedusa, Cyanea capillata. This nematocyst assemblage consisted of euryteles, birhopaloids and three different isorhizas -a-isorhizas, A-isorhizas and Oisorhizas. Dynamic traits varied little within each nematocyst type but there were significant differences between the different types. Most importantly, dynamic traits varied significantly within a broad category of nematocyst -the isorhizas -indicating that conventional classification schemes that infer function based on broad nematocyst categories may not appropriately describe the functional roles of these nematocysts. The dynamic properties of discharging nematocysts were consistent with physical results described in studies using scanning electron microscopy images of nematocyst-prey interactions. These data suggest that nematocysts vary significantly in their roles during predation, but that inferences relating prey selection with broad nematocyst categories merit careful examination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characteristics of nematocysts found on the scyphomedusa Cyanea capillata

Colin

Costello

2007

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…They certainly have a penetrating function since their shaft is armed with numerous large spines (Östman et al, 2010). The spines on their long distal tubules, however, are small and slender and not hook-shaped like those of penetrating isorhizas (Östman and Hydman, 1997;Östman, 2000). They are more similar to the spines on long distal tubules used to entangle prey (Östman and Hydman, 1999).…”

Section: Nematocyst Function and Sizementioning

confidence: 98%

Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone <i>Metridium senile</i> (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Östman¹,

Kultima²,

Roat³

et al. 2010

Sci. Mar.

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“…For example, of the 25 types recognized by Mariscal (15), 17 occur exclusively in Hydrozoa, and two occur exclusively in Anthozoa. The morphology and dimensions of the nematocysts are now considered essential to any taxonomic description or redescription of a cnidarian species (18). Furthermore, the appearance of the inverted tubule, coiled inside the capsule, also constitutes a distinct diagnostic characteristic (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, more than 30 particular types of nematocysts have been identified based on Weill's work, which consisted of observations under a light microscope, primarily of the discharged tubule and its spine pattern (15,18). Nematocyst morphology is potentially of taxonomic importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of nematocysts isolated from the fire corals Millepora alcicornis and Millepora complanata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)

García-Arredondo¹,

Rojas²,

Iglesias-Prieto³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Structural characteristics of discharged and undischarged nematocysts from the hydrozoans Millepora alcicornis and Millepora complanata, two fire corals collected in the Mexican Caribbean, were examined using transmission electron, scanning and light microscopy. In this study, we report for the first time images of the nematocysts found in these Mexican Caribbean venomous species. Two types of nematocysts were observed in both species, the more abundant identified as macrobasic mastigophore and the other a stenotele type. Macrobasic mastigophores were present in medium and large size classes while stenoteles appeared in only one size.

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A guideline to nematocyst nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts

Cited by 190 publications

References 24 publications

Functional characteristics of nematocysts found on the scyphomedusa Cyanea capillata

Functional characteristics of nematocysts found on the scyphomedusa Cyanea capillata

Acontia and mesentery nematocysts of the sea anemone <i>Metridium senile</i> (Linnaeus, 1761) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)

Structure of nematocysts isolated from the fire corals Millepora alcicornis and Millepora complanata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)

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