A Guide to Water Free Lithium Bis(oxalate) Borate (LiBOB)

Abstract

The use of LiBOB is limited due to slight instability issues under ambient conditions that might require extra purification steps and might result in poorer performances in real systems. Here, we address some of these issues and report the high purity water free LiBOB synthesized with fewer processing steps employing lithium carbonate, oxalic acid, and boric acid as low-cost starting materials, and via ceramic processing methods under protective atmosphere. The physical and chemical characterizations of both anhydrous and monohydrate phases are performed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to determine the degree of the purity and the formation of impurities like LiBOB.H<sub>2</sub>O, HBO<sub>2 </sub>and Li<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a result of the aging investigations performed. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is applied to determine the optimum synthesis conditions for anhydrous LiBOB and to analyze the water loss and the decomposition of LiBOB.H<sub>2</sub>O. Aging experiments with the water free LiBOB are carried out to evaluate the effect of humidity in the phase changes and resulting impurities under various conditions. The detrimental effect of even slightest humidity conditions is shown, and protective measures during and after the synthesis of LiBOB are discussed.