A guide to understanding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Duncan, W. Colin

doi:10.1136/jfprhc-2012-100505

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Patients for this study were divided into two groups: PCOS (n = 8) and matching control (n = 8). PCOS was defined according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria . The control group contained patients undergoing IVF due to male factor infertility or tubal factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCOS was defined according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria. 1 The control group contained patients undergoing IVF due to male factor infertility or tubal factors. The exclusion criteria for both groups included women with endometriosis, cancer, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or other medical disorders that could affect follicular development.…”

Section: Study Population and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, with a prevalence around 5%‐10% in women . PCOS is characterized by oligo‐ovulation or anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCOS is characterized by oligo‐ovulation or anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries . In addition to reproductive abnormalities, PCOS is also associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases . However, the pathogenesis and molecular defects in PCOS are not fully understood …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

| INTRODUC TI ONPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, with a prevalence around 5%-10% in women. [1][2][3][4] PCOS is characterized by oligo-ovulation or anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. 5 In addition to reproductive abnormalities, PCOS is also associated with obesity, 6 type 2 diabetes, 1,7 hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, 8,9 lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular

AbstractExosomes have recently emerged as key mediators of different physiological and pathological processes.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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S100‐A9 protein in exosomes derived from follicular fluid promotes inflammation via activation of NF‐κB pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome

Huang

Chang

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Exosomes have recently emerged as key mediators of different physiological and pathological processes. However, there has been few report about proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from human follicular fluid and their association with the occurrence of PCOS. Herein, we used TMT‐tagged quantitative proteomic approach to identify proteomic profiles in exosomes derived from follicular fluid of PCOS patients and healthy controls. We identified 662 proteins in exosomes derived from human ovarian follicular fluid. Eighty‐six differently expressed proteins (P < .05) were found between PCOS and healthy women. The alterations in the proteomic profile were related to the inflammation process, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, cell migration and proliferation. Importantly, we observed that follicular fluid exosomes contain S100 calcium‐binding protein A9 (S100‐A9) protein. Exosome‐enriched S100‐A9 significantly enhanced inflammation and disrupted steroidogenesis via activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway. These data demonstrate that exosomal proteins are differentially expressed in follicular fluid during disease process, and some proteins may play important roles in the regulation of granulosa cell function. These results highlight the importance of exosomes as extracellular communicators in ovarian follicular development.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Population and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

AbstractExosomes have recently emerged as key mediators of different physiological and pathological processes.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

S100‐A9 protein in exosomes derived from follicular fluid promotes inflammation via activation of NF‐κB pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome

Huang

Chang

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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The Corpus Luteum and Women’s Health

Duncan

2016

The Life Cycle of the Corpus Luteum

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Expression and clinical significance of the HIF-1a/ET-2 signaling pathway during the development and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

et al. 2015

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major health problem in reproductive-aged women worldwide, but the precise pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear. Our previous study revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a mediated endothelin (ET)-2 signaling plays an important role in ovulation in rats. Therefore, the present study used a PCOS rat model to test the hypotheses that HIF-1a signaling is expressed and inhibited in ovaries during PCOS formation and that the HIF-1a/ET-2 signaling pathway is a target of dimethyldiguanide (DMBG) in the clinical treatment of PCOS. First, the development of a PCOS model and the effect of DMBG treatment were examined through ovarian histology and serum hormone levels, which were consistent with previous reports. Second, HIF-1a and ET-2 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The results showed decreased HIF-1a/ET-2 expression in the ovaries of PCOS rats, whereas DMBG treatment reversed the protein decreases and improved the PCOS symptoms. Third, to understand the molecular mechanism, HIF-1a/ET-2 mRNA expression was also examined. Interestingly, HIF-1a mRNA increased in the ovaries of PCOS rats, while ET-2 mRNA decreased, indicating that HIF-1a protein degradation may be involved in POCS development and treatment. Finally, HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity was examined to further clarify the contribution of HIF-1a signaling to the development and treatment of PCOS. The results suggested that the inhibition of HIF-1a/ET-2 signaling may be caused by increased PHD activity in PCOS. DMBG-treated PCOS may further activate HIF-1a signaling at least partly through inhibiting PHD activity. Taken together, these results indicate that HIF-1a signaling is inhibited in a PCOS rat model through increasing PHD activity. DMBG treatment improved PCOS by rescuing this pathway, suggesting that HIF-1a signaling plays an important role in the development and treatment of PCOS. This HIF-1a-mediated ET-2 signaling pathway may be an important mechanism regulating PCOS formation and treatment in mammalian ovaries in vivo and should be a new clinical target for PCOS prevention and treatment in the future.

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A guide to understanding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

S100‐A9 protein in exosomes derived from follicular fluid promotes inflammation via activation of NF‐κB pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome

S100‐A9 protein in exosomes derived from follicular fluid promotes inflammation via activation of NF‐κB pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome

The Corpus Luteum and Women’s Health

Expression and clinical significance of the HIF-1a/ET-2 signaling pathway during the development and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

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