1940
DOI: 10.2307/2421054
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A Guide to the Ants of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee

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Cited by 47 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…As with most animal species some combination of climatic, biotic and edaphic factors governs the distribution of ants (Cole 1932(Cole , 1940. These governing factors are thought to be determined largely by overall adaptations of the species to large-scale conditions under which it evolved.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As with most animal species some combination of climatic, biotic and edaphic factors governs the distribution of ants (Cole 1932(Cole , 1940. These governing factors are thought to be determined largely by overall adaptations of the species to large-scale conditions under which it evolved.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More importantly, because of the critical nature of nest site selection prerequisite to proper nest construction and to the ultimate survival of the species, Cole (1932Cole ( , 1934Cole ( , 1940 showed that ants adapted to desert or semi-desert environments nest predominantly in areas of fine to coarse sand. Commenting on nest relocation of the related species Pogonomyrmex barbatus, van Pelt (1976) validated Cole's earlier work, stating that soil type could be a critical factor in nest site selection.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This size separation may facilitate their coexistence because of decreased resource overlap (Sarty et al 2006). They also have different nesting habits, with A. carolinensis nesting in soil while A. lamellidens makes use of rotten logs (Cole 1940). Wilson Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…carolinensis (Cole 1940) or more recently as part of the fulva/rudis/texana complex (Umphrey 1996) or the picea/rudis/texana complex (Ipser et al 2004) of Aphaenogaster. The Mississippi Entomological Museum, which has verified specimens for this project, treats them as a separate species.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Except for studies by Kannowski (1959Kannowski ( , 1967 on the flight activities of these species and a review by Johnson (1989) of their distribution and nest sites, very little is known about the life histories of North American Dolichoderus. Several authors (Wheeler, 1905a;Cole, 1940;Carter, 1962a, b;Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963) have described below-ground nest structures and leaf litter nests for all four North American Dolichoderus. D. plagiatus is considered to be monogynous (Kannowski, 1967) and nuptial flights are known to occur between mid June and July (Kannowski, 1959).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%