A Guide to SPSS for Analysis of Variance

Levine, Gustav

doi:10.4324/9781315807232

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Differences between groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance, and posthoc testing was performed for intergroup comparisons using the least significant difference (LSD) (Levine, 1991). A P-value <0.05 was considered significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, lowers plasma cholesterol and attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation during carbon-tetrachloride–associated hepatotoxicity in rats

Ekor¹,

Odewabi

Kale

et al. 2011

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin production are suggested to play important, complex roles in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Studies on the effects of COX-2 inhibitors on the progression of liver fibrosis present controversial results, and the proposed therapeutic potential of these agents in chronic liver disease is predicated largely on their effectiveness in modulating hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro. This study investigated the modulatory effect of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in CCl(4)-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty Wistar albino rats, weighing 120-180 g, were assigned into five groups of 6 rats/group. Groups 1 and 2 received saline (10 mL/kg) and CCl(4) (80 mg/kg), respectively. Group 3 was given celecoxib (5.7 mg/kg), whereas groups 4 and 5 were pretreated with 2.9 and 5.7 mg/kg/day of celecoxib, respectively, 1 hour before CCl(4) treatment. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities increased significantly by 118.5, 150.0, and 51.3%, respectively, with an accompanying decrease (P < 0.05) in total protein and albumin after CCl(4) treatment. Hepatotoxicity was associated with a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), and severe hepatic necrosis with marked fatty and cellular (i.e., mononuclear cells) infiltration. Although celecoxib neither reduced CCl(4)-induced increases in marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity nor significantly attenuated hepatic necrosis, it, however, was effective in reducing elevated cholesterol by 16.5 and 20.8% and LPO by 12.9 and 35.5% at 2.9 and 5.7 mg/kg, respectively. Data suggest that COX-2 inhibitors may be effective in controlling hypercholesterolemia and peroxidative changes associated with liver injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, lowers plasma cholesterol and attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation during carbon-tetrachloride–associated hepatotoxicity in rats

Ekor¹,

Odewabi

Kale

et al. 2011

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

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“…Electrophysiological results were evaluated with mixed-model ANOVAs, with between-subjects factor of analytic group (uninjured control, TBI + BEC [untreated], and TBI + BEC [GM6001-treated]). Repeated measures factor was time relative to application of theta-burst stimulation (for LTP analyses), or inter-pulse interval (for PPF analyses), with planned pair-wise comparisons computed based on simple effects (Keppel, 1991;Levine, 1991). For LTP baseline and post-HFS data, mean fEPSP slopes were aggregated into 2-min epochs used for graphical and statistical analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MT5-MMP, ADAM-10, and N-Cadherin Act in Concert To Facilitate Synapse Reorganization after Traumatic Brain Injury

Warren

Reeves²,

Phillips³

2012

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) influence synaptic recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Membrane type 5-matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) and a distintegrin and metalloproteinase-10 (ADAM-10) are membrane-bound MMPs that cleave N-cadherin, a protein critical to synapse stabilization. This study examined protein and mRNA expression of MT5-MMP, ADAM-10, and N-cadherin after TBI, contrasting adaptive and maladaptive synaptogenesis. The effect of MMP inhibition on MT5-MMP, ADAM-10, and N-cadherin was assessed during maladaptive plasticity and correlated with synaptic function. Rats were subjected to adaptive unilateral entorhinal cortical lesion (UEC) or maladaptive fluid percussion TBI + bilateral entorhinal cortical lesion (TBI + BEC). Hippocampal MT5-MMP and ADAM-10 protein was significantly elevated 2 and 7 days postinjury. At 15 days after UEC, each MMP returned to control level, while TBI + BEC ADAM-10 remained elevated. At 2 and 7 days, N-cadherin protein was below control. By the 15-day synapse stabilization phase, UEC Ncadherin rose above control, a shift not seen for TBI + BEC. At 7 days, increased TBI + BEC ADAM-10 transcript correlated with protein elevation. UEC ADAM-10 mRNA did not change, and no differences in MT5-MMP or Ncadherin mRNA were detected. Confocal imaging showed MT5-MMP, ADAM-10, and N-cadherin localization within reactive astrocytes. MMP inhibition attenuated ADAM-10 protein 15 days after TBI + BEC and increased N-cadherin. This inhibition partially restored long-term potentiation induction, but did not affect pairedpulse facilitation. Our results confirm time-and injury-dependent expression of MT5-MMP, ADAM-10, and N-cadherin during reactive synaptogenesis. Persistent ADAM-10 expression was correlated with attenuated N-cadherin level and reduced functional recovery. MMP inhibition shifted ADAM-10 and N-cadherin toward adaptive expression and improved synaptic function.

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“…In the case of N groups to be compared, the number of comparisons is N × ( N − 1)/2. For example, in the case of 50 journals, 50×49/2 = 1,225 comparisons are pursued, and the significance should hence be tested at the 5% level using 0.05/1,225=0.000041 instead of 0.05 (Levine, 1991, pp. 68 ff.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated impact indicators compared with impact factors: An alternative research design with policy implications

Leydesdorff¹,

Bornmann²

2011

J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.

127

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In bibliometrics, the association of "impact" with centraltendency statistics is mistaken. Impacts add up, and citation curves therefore should be integrated instead of averaged. For example, the journals MIS Quarterly and Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology differ by a factor of 2 in terms of their respective impact factors (IF), but the journal with the lower IF has the higher impact. Using percentile ranks (e.g., top-1%, top-10%, etc.), an Integrated Impact Indicator (I3) can be based on integration of the citation curves, but after normalization of the citation curves to the same scale. The results across document sets can be compared as percentages of the total impact of a reference set. Total number of citations, however, should not be used instead because the shape of the citation curves is then not appreciated. I3 can be applied to any document set and any citation window.The results of the integration (summation) are fully decomposable in terms of journals or institutional units such as nations, universities, and so on because percentile ranks are determined at the paper level. In this study, we first compare I3 with IFs for the journals in two Institute for Scientific Information subject categories ("Information Science & Library Science" and "Multidisciplinary Sciences"). The library and information science set is additionally decomposed in terms of nations. Policy implications of this possible paradigm shift in citation impact analysis are specified.

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A Guide to SPSS for Analysis of Variance

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, lowers plasma cholesterol and attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation during carbon-tetrachloride–associated hepatotoxicity in rats

Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, lowers plasma cholesterol and attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation during carbon-tetrachloride–associated hepatotoxicity in rats

MT5-MMP, ADAM-10, and N-Cadherin Act in Concert To Facilitate Synapse Reorganization after Traumatic Brain Injury

Integrated impact indicators compared with impact factors: An alternative research design with policy implications

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