A Guide to Printed Stretchable Conductors

Sakorikar, Tushar; Mihaliak, Nikolas; Krisnadi, Febby; Ma, Jinwoo; Kim, Tae-il; Kong, Minsik; Awartani, Omar; Dickey, Michael D.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00569

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 256 publications

(545 reference statements)

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“…Pre-synthesized CNTs have been patterned by several methods including inkjet printing [ 87 , 88 , 89 ], screen printing [ 90 , 91 , 92 ], gravure printing [ 93 ], and microcontact printing [ 94 , 95 , 96 ]. However, these abovementioned approaches focus on alignment of CNTs for different applications, whereas our research focuses on patterning the catalyst to understand and control the growth mechanism of CNTs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our case, we believe that G′ band shift indicates the strain results from mechanical stresses due to high tube length and lack of neighbors support on "empty" spaces of the pattern. Pre-synthesized CNTs have been patterned by several methods including inkjet printing [87][88][89], screen printing [90][91][92], gravure printing [93], and microcontact printing [94][95][96]. However, these abovementioned approaches focus on alignment of CNTs for different applications, whereas our research focuses on patterning the catalyst to understand and control the growth mechanism of CNTs.…”

Section: Cnt Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoimprint Lithography for Next-Generation Carbon Nanotube-Based Devices

Fialkova,

Yarmolenko,

Krishnaswamy

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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This research reports the development of 3D carbon nanostructures that can provide unique capabilities for manufacturing carbon nanotube (CNT) electronic components, electrochemical probes, biosensors, and tissue scaffolds. The shaped CNT arrays were grown on patterned catalytic substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The new fabrication process for catalyst patterning based on combination of nanoimprint lithography (NIL), magnetron sputtering, and reactive etching techniques was studied. The optimal process parameters for each technique were evaluated. The catalyst was made by deposition of Fe and Co nanoparticles over an alumina support layer on a Si/SiO2 substrate. The metal particles were deposited using direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique, with a particle ranging from 6 nm to 12 nm and density from 70 to 1000 particles/micron. The Alumina layer was deposited by radio frequency (RF) and reactive pulsed DC sputtering, and the effect of sputtering parameters on surface roughness was studied. The pattern was developed by thermal NIL using Si master-molds with PMMA and NRX1025 polymers as thermal resists. Catalyst patterns of lines, dots, and holes ranging from 70 nm to 500 nm were produced and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Vertically aligned CNTs were successfully grown on patterned catalyst and their quality was evaluated by SEM and micro-Raman. The results confirm that the new fabrication process has the ability to control the size and shape of CNT arrays with superior quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cnt Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoimprint Lithography for Next-Generation Carbon Nanotube-Based Devices

Fialkova,

Yarmolenko,

Krishnaswamy

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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“…Several of these challenges can be overcome through emerging techniques in additive manufacturing, which enable digital programmability during printing. Among different material extrusion methods, direct ink writing (DIW) which prints a wide range of inks, from biomaterials to ceramics, is of great interest for printing soft composites. − In a typical DIW process, the ink is selectively dispensed through a nozzle on the print bed, controlled by a command script. Recently, it has been shown that by controlling the process conditions, initially spherical LM droplets can be systematically elongated during DIW printing of LM composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of Stretchable Liquid Metal–Silver Composites through Direct Ink Writing

Zu,

Carranza,

Bartlett

2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Structure−property−process relationships are a controlling factor in the performance of materials. This offers opportunities in emerging areas, such as stretchable conductors, to control process conditions during printing to enhance performance. Herein, by systematically tuning direct ink write (DIW) process parameters, the electrical conductivity of multiphase liquid metal (LM)-silver stretchable conductors is increased by a maximum of 400% to over 1.06 × 10 6 S•m −1 . This is achieved by modulating the DIW print velocity, which enables the in situ elongation, coalescence, and percolation of these multiphase inclusions during printing. These DIW printed filaments are conductive as fabricated and are soft (modulus as low as 1.1 MPa), stretchable (strain limit >800%), and show strain invariant conductivity up to 80% strain. These capabilities are demonstrated through a set of electromagnetic induction coils that can transfer power wirelessly through air and water, even under deformation. This work provides a methodology to program properties in stretchable conductors, where the combination of material composition and process parameters leads to greatly enhanced performance. This approach can find use in applications such as soft robots, soft electronics, and printed materials for deformable, yet highly functional devices.

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On‐Demand Picoliter‐Level‐Droplet Inkjet Printing for Micro Fabrication and Functional Applications

You,

Wang,

Lin

et al. 2024

Small

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With the advent of Internet of Things (IoTs) and wearable devices, manufacturing requirements have shifted toward miniaturization, flexibility, environmentalization, and customization. Inkjet printing, as a non‐contact picoliter‐level droplet printing technology, can achieve material deposition at the microscopic level, helping to achieve high resolution and high precision patterned design. Meanwhile, inkjet printing has the advantages of simple process, high printing efficiency, mask‐free digital printing, and direct pattern deposition, and is gradually emerging as a promising technology to meet such new requirements. However, there is a long way to go in constructing functional materials and emerging devices due to the uncommercialized ink materials, complicated film‐forming process, and geometrically/functionally mismatched interface, limiting film quality and device applications. Herein, recent developments in working mechanisms, functional ink systems, droplet ejection and flight process, droplet drying process, as well as emerging multifunctional and intelligence applications including optics, electronics, sensors, and energy storage and conversion devices is reviewed. Finally, it is also highlight some of the critical challenges and research opportunities. The review is anticipated to provide a systematic comprehension and valuable insights for inkjet printing, thereby facilitating the advancement of their emerging applications.

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A Guide to Printed Stretchable Conductors

Cited by 6 publications

References 256 publications

Nanoimprint Lithography for Next-Generation Carbon Nanotube-Based Devices

Nanoimprint Lithography for Next-Generation Carbon Nanotube-Based Devices

Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of Stretchable Liquid Metal–Silver Composites through Direct Ink Writing

On‐Demand Picoliter‐Level‐Droplet Inkjet Printing for Micro Fabrication and Functional Applications

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