A Guide to Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Cancers: From Basic Principles to Current Applications

Lai, Yanqing; Xia, Fan; Chen, Hongli; Cui, Bomiao; Feng, Yun; Zhang, Ping; Chen, Jiao; Luo, Min

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.633776

Cited by 81 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…However, the features of the DNA vaccine unquestionably deserve to be considered in the development of future vaccines. Both mRNA and DNA vaccines carry the genetic information to the host cells to instruct them to make antigens that are proteins similar to the virus [ 36 , 37 ]. The immune system of the host body responds to the immunization and the body is prepared for the fight with the real virus in case of infection [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of DNA Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2

Wang

Rcheulishvili

Cai

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Despite the existence of various types of vaccines and the involvement of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the most challenging health threat in this century. Along with the increased transmissibility, new strains continue to emerge leading to the need for more vaccines that would elicit protectiveness and safety against the new strains of the virus. Nucleic acid vaccines seem to be the most effective approach in case of a sudden outbreak of infection or the emergence of a new strain as it requires less time than any conventional vaccine development. Hence, in the current study, a DNA vaccine encoding the trimeric prefusion-stabilized ectodomain (S1+S2) of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein was designed by introducing six additional prolines mutation, termed HexaPro. The three-dose regimen of designed DNA vaccine immunization in mice demonstrated the generation of protective antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of DNA Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2

Wang

Rcheulishvili

Cai

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…There are two cases. The first is the introduction and expression of cytokine genes to enhance the body's immunity [72,73] . This method has broad spectrum and non-specificity.…”

Section: Immune Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acid functionalized extracellular vesicles as promising therapeutic systems for nanomedicine

Liu¹,

He²,

Cen³

et al. 2022

EVCNA

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural carriers, are regarded as a new star in nanomedicine due to their excellent biocompatibility, fascinating physicochemical properties, and unique biological regulatory functions. However, there are still some challenges to using natural EVs, including poor targeting ability and the clearance from circulation, which may limit their further development and clinical use. Nucleic acid has the functions of programmability, targeting, gene therapy, and immune regulation. Owing to the engineering design and modification by integrating functional nucleic acid, EVs offer excellent performances as a therapeutic system in vivo. This review briefly introduces the function and mechanism of nucleic acid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Then, the strategies of nucleic acid-functionalized EVs are summarized and the latest progress of nucleic acid-functionalized EVs in nanomedicine is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nucleic acid-functionalized EVs as a promising diagnostic system are proposed.

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“…The nucleic acid (RNA/DNA)-based vaccine represents a novel and quick low-cost-based strategy used to impart protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the history of vaccine development, this is the first time of using this strategy to obtain an approved vaccine (COVID-19 vaccines) in public health programs [ 139 , 140 ]. In this approach, DNA or RNA molecules are engineered to encode antigenic proteins for triggering specific immune responses [ 141 ].…”

Section: Vaccine Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms

Aileni

Rohela

Jogam

et al. 2022

Cells

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The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause for the ongoing global public health emergency. It is more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the pandemic threat continues to spread aroundthe world with the fluctuating emergence of its new variants. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has led to a high human mortality rate and disruption of socioeconomic well-being. For the restoration of pre-pandemic normalcy, the international scientific community has been conducting research on a war footing to limit extremely pathogenic COVID-19 through diagnosis, treatment, and immunization. Since the first report of COVID-19 viral infection, an array of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) approaches have emerged for diagnosing and understanding its status of outbreak. The RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT) is one of the rapidly developed and most used COVID-19 detection approaches. Notably, the current forbidding status of COVID-19 requires the development of safe, targeted vaccines/vaccine injections (shots) that can reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns would be the most effective and ultimate hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak, emerging biotechnologies and their multidisciplinary approaches have accelerated the understanding of molecular details as well as the development of a wide range of diagnostics and potential vaccine candidates, which are indispensable to combating the highly contagious COVID-19. Several vaccine candidates have completed phase III clinical studies and are reported to be effective in immunizing against COVID-19 after their rollout via emergency use authorization (EUA). However, optimizing the type of vaccine candidates and its route of delivery that works best to control viral spread is crucial to face the threatening variants expected to emerge over time. In conclusion, the insights of this review would facilitate the development of more likely diagnostics and ideal vaccines for the global control of COVID-19.

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A Guide to Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Cancers: From Basic Principles to Current Applications

Cited by 81 publications

References 132 publications

Development of DNA Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2

Development of DNA Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2

Nucleic acid functionalized extracellular vesicles as promising therapeutic systems for nanomedicine

Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms

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