A guide to microscopic models for intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

Bertsch, G. F.; Gupta, S. Das

doi:10.1016/0370-1573(88)90170-6

Cited by 1,418 publications

(1,172 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The model has a mean-field as well as hard collisions and has indeed proven to be highly successful in predicting sideward flow, squeeze-out etc. [56]. While BUU is good for predicting expectation values of onebody operators, it does not have fluctuations.…”

Section: Dynamical Models For Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Long before intermediate energy collisions which are best described by multifragmenation mechanisms, the concept of temperature was being used routinely to describe heavy ion collisions at Bevalac (see for example [16]). In cascade [55] or transport calculations [56] one can follow in microscopic models how the original ordered motion of the beam gets dispersed into a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution through two-body collisions. In the Purdue experiment of proton on Xe [18], the high energy tails of the kinetic energy spectra provide evidence that the fragments originate from a common remnant system somewhat lighter than the target which disassembles simultaneously into a multibody final system.…”

Section: Temperature Measurements a Kinetic Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Gupta

Mekjian

Tsang

2001

Advances in the Physics of Particles and Nuclei

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The equation of state of nuclear matter suggests that at suitable beam energies the disassembling hot system formed in heavy ion collisions will pass through a liquid-gas coexistence region. Searching for the signatures of the phase transition has been a very important focal point of experimental endeavours in heavy-ion collisions, in the last fifteen years. Simultaneously theoretical models have been developed to provide information about the equation of state and reaction mechanisms consistent with the experimental observables.

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Section: Dynamical Models For Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Temperature Measurements a Kinetic Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Gupta

Mekjian

Tsang

2001

Advances in the Physics of Particles and Nuclei

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“…Of particular interest is the exploration of the "inmedium" interaction in the context of transport-theory descriptions of heavy-ion reactions [117]. Typical analyses simulate the dynamics of a heavy-ion reaction on the basis of kinetic equations like the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) equation [118].…”

Section: In-medium Cross Sections and Phase Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-consistent Green's function method for nuclei and nuclear matter

Dickhoff

Barbieri

2004

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

494

599

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Recent results obtained by applying the method of self-consistent Green's functions to nuclei and nuclear matter are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the description of experimental data obtained from the (e,e ′ p) and (e,e ′ 2N) reactions that determine one and two-nucleon removal probabilities in nuclei since the corresponding amplitudes are directly related to the imaginary parts of the single-particle and two-particle propagators. For this reason and the fact that these amplitudes can now be calculated with the inclusion of all the relevant physical processes, it is useful to explore the efficacy of the method of self-consistent Green's functions in describing these experimental data. Results for both finite nuclei and nuclear matter are discussed with particular emphasis on clarifying the role of short-range correlations in determining various experimental quantities. The important role of long-range correlations in determining the structure of lowenergy correlations is also documented. For a complete understanding of nuclear phenomena it is therefore essential to include both types of physical correlations. We demonstrate that recent experimental results for these reactions combined with the reported theoretical calculations yield a very clear understanding of the properties of all protons in the nucleus. We propose that this knowledge of the properties of constituent fermions in a correlated many-body system is a unique feature of nuclear physics.

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“…(II.4) in the strict adiabatic limit. Adiabaticity is broken most prominently at level crossings and the need for surface-hoping has been advocated for a long time in literature [34,[38][39][40]. By solving Eqs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(II.1). While the functional integral approach appears to suggest that the matrix elements of the bare interaction should be used, the lessons we have learned from the implementation of the Boltzmann-Uhling-Uehlenbeck equation to describe nuclear kinetics [39] and our physical intuition would suggest that these matrix elements are most likely strongly renormalized and this is an aspect which has not been clarified yet. Since Eq.…”

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long journey fromab initiocalculations to density functional theory for nuclear large amplitude collective motion

Bulgac

2010

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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At present there are two vastly different ab initio approaches to the description of the the manybody dynamics: the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the functional integral (path integral) approaches. On one hand, if implemented exactly, the DFT approach can allow in principle the exact evaluation of arbitrary one-body observable. However, when applied to Large Amplitude Collective Motion (LACM) this approach needs to be extended in order to accommodate the phenomenon of surface-hoping, when adiabaticity is strongly violated and the description of a system using a single (generalized) Slater determinant is not valid anymore. The functional integral approach on the other hand does not appear to have such restrictions, but its implementation does not appear to be straightforward endeavor. However, within a functional integral approach one seems to be able to evaluate in principle any kind of observables, such as the fragment mass and energy distributions in nuclear fission. These two radically approaches can likely be brought brought together by formulating a stochastic time-dependent DFT approach to many-body dynamics. We know a great deal by now about interactions between nucleons, although one might rightly argue that the link to quarks and gluons through the more fundamental theory Quantum Chromodynamics has not yet been fully established. It will still be a long time until this goal will be reached with the needed degree of accuracy and sophistication. In this respect the nuclear many-body theory is at a great disadvantage when compared to condensed matter and atomic theories or chemistry, where the dominant role of the Coulomb interaction and the link to Quantum Electrodynamics were clarified a long time ago. There is a general consensus by now however, that in order to describe nuclear many-body systems one probably can get away with the use of one set or another of reasonably well established two-and three-nucleon potentials (if only one would manage to use them in a convincing implementation) and that a non-relativistic approach is likely sufficient for now. The best example we have so far that such an ab initio approach can be brought to fruition is the Green Function Monte-Carlo (GFMC) approach implemented so successfully by V.R. Pandharipande and his many students and collaborators J. Carlson (truly the author of GFMC), S.C. Pieper, R. Schiavilla, K.E. Schmidt, R.B. Wiringa, and many others [1]. One of the most frustrating limitations of the GFMC approach is the relatively low particle number this method can deal with. Presently one cannot envision the study of nuclei heavier than oxygen within a GFMC framework. The Coupled-Cluster (CC) method [2] looks very promising in this respect, as it might be applied to medium size closed shell nuclei in the near future. The No-Core-Shell Model (NCSM) [3] will likely be successfully applied to light and medium size nuclei in the foreseeable future with a reasonable degree of accuracy.Heavy-nuclei seem out of reach from a direct frontal ab initio attack and th...

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A guide to microscopic models for intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

Cited by 1,418 publications

References 63 publications

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Self-consistent Green's function method for nuclei and nuclear matter

The long journey fromab initiocalculations to density functional theory for nuclear large amplitude collective motion

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