A Guide for Site and Soil Description in Hazardous Waste Site Characterization

Cameron, RE

doi:10.1520/stp23828s

Cited by 61 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Solid waste disposal, sludge applications, vehicular exhaust, wastewater irrigation, industrial activities, and metal mining are the major sources of soil contamination with heavy metals (Singh et al 2005;Khan et al 2008). Heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn are considered the most toxic elements in the environment and included in the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) list of priority pollutants (Cameron 1992). It is undoubtedly important to know the total metal concentrations for the purpose of evaluating the level of soil contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution, fractionation, and mobility of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in garden and paddy soils from a Pb/Zn mining area

Lei

Yong

Khan

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

107

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This study was conducted to investigate the pollution load index, fraction distributions, and mobility of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in garden and paddy soils collected from a Pb/Zn mine in Chenzhou City, China. The samples were analyzed using Leleyter and Probst's sequential extraction procedures. Total metal concentrations including Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn exceeded the maximum permissible limits for soils set by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, and the order of the pollution index was Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu, indicating that the soils from both sites seriously suffered from heavy metal pollution, especially Cd. The sums of metal frac- tions were in agreement with the total contents of heavy metals. However, there were significant differences in fraction distributions of heavy metals in garden and paddy soils. The residual fractions of heavy metals were the predominant form with 43.0% for Pb, 32.3% for Cd, 33.5% for Cu, and 44.2% for Zn in garden soil, while 51.6% for Pb, 40.4% for Cd, 40.3% for Cu, and 40.9% for Zn in paddy soil. Furthermore, the proportions of water-soluble and exchangeable fractions extracted by the selected analytical methods were the lowest among all fractions. On the basis of the speciation of heavy metals, the mobility factor values of heavy metals have the following order: Cd (25.2-19.8%) > Cu (22.6-6.3%) > Zn (9.6-6.0%) > Pb (6.7-2.5%) in both contaminated soils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution, fractionation, and mobility of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in garden and paddy soils from a Pb/Zn mining area

Lei

Yong

Khan

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

107

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“…Chronic ingestion of drinking water with high Cu(II) concentrations (over 3 mg l 21 ) is thus a potential health risk, especially for susceptible populations like children ( Abbreviations: DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis; EPS, extracellular polymeric substances; LOI, loss on ignition; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; TGGE, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis; UPGMA, unweighted pair grouping with arithmetic averages. input in freshwaters is generated from a number of anthropogenic activities (Cameron, 1992), where these ions sequentially accumulate in sediments, bacteria, tubicid worms and fish, followed by uptake by humans through the trophic chain (Mulligan et al, 2001;Tchounwou et al, 1996). Copper is included on the US Environmental Agency (EPA) list of priority pollutants (Cameron, 1992), and its discharge in water is regulated in the European Union by the 76/464/EEC and 80/68/EEC Directives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu(II) input in freshwaters is generated from a number of anthropogenic activities (Cameron, 1992), where these ions sequentially accumulate in sediments, bacteria, tubicid worms and fish, followed by uptake by humans through the trophic chain (Mulligan et al, 2001;Tchounwou et al, 1996). Copper is included on the US Environmental Agency (EPA) list of priority pollutants (Cameron, 1992), and its discharge in water is regulated in the European Union by the 76/464/EEC and 80/68/EEC Directives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…input in freshwaters is generated from a number of anthropogenic activities (Cameron, 1992), where these ions sequentially accumulate in sediments, bacteria, tubicid worms and fish, followed by uptake by humans through the trophic chain (Mulligan et al, 2001;Tchounwou et al, 1996). Copper is included on the US Environmental Agency (EPA) list of priority pollutants (Cameron, 1992), and its discharge in water is regulated in the European Union by the 76/464/EEC and 80/68/EEC Directives.In recent years, the removal of toxic metal ions by biological methods based on the use of microbial biomass has been suggested as an attractive, low-cost alternative to the conventional physico-chemical processes, with important applications in remediation strategies (von Canstein et al, 1999;Costley & Wallis, 2001;Eccles, 1999;Malik, 2004;Mulligan et al, 2001). Micro-organisms have coexisted with heavy metals in contaminated ecosystems since early times, and the selective pressure of heavy metal pollution triggered the evolution of metal-specific tolerance mechanisms (Bruins et al, 2000).…”

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Dominance of sphingomonads in a copper-exposed biofilm community for groundwater treatment

et al. 2007

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The structure, biological activity and microbial biodiversity of a biofilm used for the removal of copper from groundwater were studied and compared with those of a biofilm grown under copper-free conditions. A laboratory-scale submerged fixed biofilter was fed with groundwater (2.3 l h "1 ) artificially polluted with Cu(II) (15 mg l "1 ) and amended with sucrose (150 mg l "1 ) as carbon source. Between 73 and 90 % of the Cu(II) was removed from water during long-term operation (over 200 days). The biofilm was a complex ecosystem, consisting of eukaryotic and prokaryotic micro-organisms. Scanning electron microscopy revealed marked structural changes in the biofilm induced by Cu(II), compared to the biofilm grown in absence of the heavy metal. Analysis of cell-bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) demonstrated a significant modification of the composition of cell envelopes in response to Cu(II). Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) showed that copper bioaccumulated in the EPS matrix by becoming bound to phosphates and/or silicates, whereas copper accumulated only intracytoplasmically in cells of eukaryotic microbes. Cu(II) also decreased sucrose consumption, ATP content and alkaline phosphatase activity of the biofilm. A detailed study of the bacterial community composition was conducted by 16S rRNA-based temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) profiling, which showed spatial and temporal stability of the species diversity of copper-exposed biofilms during biofilter operation. PCR reamplification and sequencing of 14 TGGE bands showed the prevalence of alphaproteobacteria, with most sequences (78 %) affiliated to the Sphingomonadaceae. The major cultivable colony type in plate counts of the copper-exposed biofilm was also identified as that of Sphingomonas sp. These data confirm a major role of these organisms in the composition of the Cu(II)-removing community. INTRODUCTIONCopper is an essential trace element for all species studied to date, including humans (Fraga, 2005). However, a large excess intake of Cu(II) in drinking water can cause nausea, gastric irritation and vomiting, while long-term copper intoxication generates liver disease and severe neurological defects in humans (Hotz et al., 2003;Uriu-Adams & Keen, 2005). Chronic ingestion of drinking water with high Cu(II) concentrations (over 3 mg l 21 ) is thus a potential health risk, especially for susceptible populations like children ( Abbreviations: DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis; EPS, extracellular polymeric substances; LOI, loss on ignition; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; TGGE, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis; UPGMA, unweighted pair grouping with arithmetic averages. input in freshwaters is generated from a number of anthropogenic activities (Cameron, 1992), where these ions sequentially accumulate in sediments, bacteria, tubicid worms and fish, followed by uptake by humans thro...

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“…Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be one of the greatly hazardous heavy metals and included in the Environmental Protection Agency's list of priority pollutants [1]. It has been reported that the worldwide release of Cd reached 22000 t over the past five decades [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EDTA-assisted phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil by Solanum nigrum L.

Li¹,

Xin²,

JianYong³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2017)

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Abstract.A pot experiment was performed to study the effect of EDTA (0, 1.5, 5.0 mmol/kg) on the cadmium (Cd) accumulation ability of Solanum nigrum L. grown in different Cd-contaminated soils (0,5,10,25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Meanwhile, soil Cd mobility was evaluated. Results showed that there were significant interactions between Cd and EDTA. Low EDTA dosage (1.5 mmol/kg) significantly alleviated Cd stress to S. nigrum L., although EDTA inhibited the growth of S. nigrum L. grown in non-contaminated soil. High EDTA dosage (5 mmol/kg) could deteriorate Cd stress to S. nigrum L. EDTA could significantly increase the mobility of soil Cd and the Cd content in plant. This research indicated that low EDTA dosage (1.5 mmol/kg) was efficient in assisting remediation of Cd contaminated soil by S. nigrum L. and could lessen second pollution.

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A Guide for Site and Soil Description in Hazardous Waste Site Characterization

Cited by 61 publications

References 29 publications

Pollution, fractionation, and mobility of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in garden and paddy soils from a Pb/Zn mining area

Pollution, fractionation, and mobility of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in garden and paddy soils from a Pb/Zn mining area

Dominance of sphingomonads in a copper-exposed biofilm community for groundwater treatment

EDTA-assisted phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil by Solanum nigrum L.

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