A guanylurea-functionalized conjugated polymer enables RNA interference in <i>ex vivo</i> human airway epithelium

Ahmed, Md. Salauddin; Dutta, Rajib; Manandhar, Prakash; Li, Xuerong; Torabi, Hooman; Barrios, Alfonso; Wang, Ping; Chinnapaiyan, Srinivasan; Unwalla, Hoshang; Moon, Joong Ho

doi:10.1039/c9cc02856k

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, there was little information about the microglial population in the spinal cord and how these cells react following injury. The dynamic response of microglia cells to SCI has been confirmed in many studies [ 8 , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] ]. Lacroix et al in a study have shown that microglia are immediately recruited in the injury site in the spinal cord.…”

Section: Astrocyte-derived Inhibitors Causing Demyelination and Reducmentioning

confidence: 75%

More attention on glial cells to have better recovery after spinal cord injury

Hassanzadeh

Jalessi

Jameie

et al. 2021

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

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Functional improvement after spinal cord injury remains an unsolved difficulty. Glial scars, a major component of SCI lesions, are very effective in improving the rate of this recovery. Such scars are a result of complex interaction mechanisms involving three major cells, namely, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. In recent years, scientists have identified two subtypes of reactive astrocytes, namely, A1 astrocytes that induce the rapid death of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and A2 astrocytes that promote neuronal survival. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that the macrophage polarization state is more of a continuum between M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages that encourage the inflammation process kill their surrounding cells and inhibit cellular proliferation. In contrast, M2 macrophages promote cell proliferation, tissue growth, and regeneration. Furthermore, the ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to differentiate into adult oligodendrocytes or even neurons has been reviewed. Here, we first scrutinize recent findings on glial cell subtypes and their beneficial or detrimental effects after spinal cord injury. Second, we discuss how we may be able to help the functional recovery process after injury.

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Section: Astrocyte-derived Inhibitors Causing Demyelination and Reducmentioning

confidence: 75%

More attention on glial cells to have better recovery after spinal cord injury

Hassanzadeh

Jalessi

Jameie

et al. 2021

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

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“…In everyday life, it is one of the most common polymers. In laboratory, however, polystyrene has also been widely used as a reference material to assess average molecular weights and weight distribution of polymers and macrocycles via gel permeation chromatography 30,31 . In this work, particles with an average diameter of 2.68 μm and PDI of 2.3% have been synthesized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene/poly(ethyl acrylate) mushroom‐like Janus particles

Alavi

Abasian

Eslami

2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Favorable though isotropic polymeric structures are in many applications, they are not optimized in some others. Janus particles, having two sides with completely different properties, are optimizing the use for these applications, from industrial emulsifiers to biomedicine. In this work, mushroom‐like Janus particles made of PS as the seed and PEA as the semispherical centers through (seeded) dispersion polymerization were synthesized. Afterward, the effects of the initiator, monomer, and stabilizer amount as well as polymerization temperature were studied. It is shown that, in the PS synthesis stage, an increase in polymerization temperature, initiator amount, and monomer amount, as well as a decrease in stabilizer amount, lead to an increase in particles' size and in PDI percentage. In addition, in the next stage, the synthesis of mushroom‐like particles with the PEA sites, an increase in initiator amount, monomer amount, and polymerization temperature, as well as a decrease in stabilizer amount lead to bigger PEA centers and in excessive amount. It is also shown that above the breakthrough, three‐part particles increase in number with the changes mentioned. It is concluded that with the determined optimized conditions in this work mushroom‐like Janus particles of PS/PEA can be synthesized.

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“…After synthesizing a guanidine‐containing poly(oxanorbornene imide) (G, Figure 1), phenyl isocyanate was reacted with guanidine to synthesize the Ph‐CG containing PN. Synthesis of Bz, PhPr, and PhBu was done via the reaction of the respective primary amines and the N,N′‐di‐boc‐guanidine containing PN [36] . Random and block copolymers with repeating units bearing both guanidine and aromatic benzyl side chains (random‐Bz‐G and block‐Bz‐G) were also synthesized as control PNs (Scheme S1 and S2).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthesis of Bz, PhPr, and PhBu was done via the reaction of the respective primary amines and the N,N'-di-boc-guanidine containing PN. [36] Random and block copolymers with repeating units bearing both guanidine and aromatic benzyl side chains (random-Bz-G and block-Bz-G) were also synthesized as control PNs (Scheme S1 and S2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbamoylated Guanidine‐Containing Polymers for Non‐Covalent Functional Protein Delivery in Serum‐Containing Media

2022

Self Cite

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Despite the high potential of controlling cellular processes and treating various diseases by intracellularly delivered proteins, current delivery systems exhibit poor efficiency due to poor serum stability, cellular entry, and cytosolic availability of proteins. Here, we report a novel functional group, phenyl carbamoylated guanidine (Ph‐CG), that greatly enhances the delivery efficiency to various types of cells. Owing to the substantially lowered pKa, the hydrophobic Ph‐CG offers optimized inter‐macromolecular interactions via enhanced hydrogen‐bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The coplanarity of Ph‐CG also leads to the better intracellular entry of protein complexes. Intracellularly delivered apoptosis‐inducing enzymes and antibodies significantly induce cell viability inhibitions in a serum‐containing medium. The newly developed Ph‐CG can be introduced to various existing carriers, leading to the realization of future therapeutic protein delivery.

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A guanylurea-functionalized conjugated polymer enables RNA interference in ex vivo human airway epithelium

Abstract: Positive charge modulation chemistry via the guanylurea group allows an efficient target gene knockdown in primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells covered with mucus.

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

More attention on glial cells to have better recovery after spinal cord injury

More attention on glial cells to have better recovery after spinal cord injury

Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene/poly(ethyl acrylate) mushroom‐like Janus particles

Carbamoylated Guanidine‐Containing Polymers for Non‐Covalent Functional Protein Delivery in Serum‐Containing Media

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