A growing battlefield in the war against biofilm-induced antimicrobial resistance: insights from reviews on antibiotic resistance

Abstract

Biofilms are a common survival strategy employed by bacteria in healthcare settings, which enhances their resistance to antimicrobial and biocidal agents making infections difficult to treat. Mechanisms of biofilm-induced antimicrobial resistance involve reduced penetration of antimicrobial agents, increased expression of efflux pumps, altered microbial physiology, and genetic changes in the bacterial population. Factors contributing to the formation of biofilms include nutrient availability, temperature, pH, surface properties, and microbial interactions. Biofilm-associated infections can have serious consequences for patient outcomes, and standard antimicrobial therapies are often ineffective against biofilm-associated bacteria, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Novel strategies, including antibiotics combination therapies (such as daptomycin and vancomycin, colistin and azithromycin), biofilm-targeted agents (such as small molecules (LP3134, LP3145, LP4010, LP1062) target c-di-GMP), and immunomodulatory therapies (such as the anti-PcrV IgY antibodies which target Type IIIsecretion system), are being developed to combat biofilm-induced antimicrobial resistance. A multifaceted approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is necessary to address this emerging problem in healthcare settings.

Quenching of quorum sensing in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: insights on halo-bacterial metabolites and gamma irradiation as channels inhibitors

“…The las system positively regulates the expression of both rhlR and rhlI. Thus, lasI/R controls the first wave of quorum-sensing–controlled gene expression followed by rhlI/R in a synchronized arrangement system [ 30 ].…”

What is the role of microbial biotechnology and genetic engineering in medicine?

“…However, when formed on inert surfaces (such as catheters and surgical prostheses) or living substrates (such as tissues of higher organisms), these structures protect bacteria from host immune responses and antibiotic treatment. Therefore, biofilm‐associated infections can have a serious impact on health, making the diagnosis and treatment of biofilms challenging (Pai et al, 2023 ). One of the most promising therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics for treating these forms of bacterial resistance is bacteriophage‐based therapy (Usman et al, 2023 ).…”

Daptomycin Liposomes Exhibit Enhanced Activity against Staphylococci Biofilms Compared to Free Drug

“…The Infectious Disease Society of America proposes Dapto for use in the therapy of enterococcal and staphylococcal infections of prosthetic joints [ 11 ]. Another advantage of Dapto concerning the treatment of MDIs is its known high anti-biofilm activity [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In one case, it has been reported that Dapto rapidly penetrates a Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm [ 15 ].…”