A group of related cDNAs encoding secreted proteins from Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] salivary glands

Abstract

A group of cDNAs has been isolated and characterized from Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] salivary glands. Members in this group appear to encode proteins with secretion signal peptides at the N-terminals. The mature putative proteins are small, basic proteins with calculated molecular weights that ranged from 8.5 to 10 kDa, and isoelectric points from 9.92 to 10.90. Sequence analysis indicated a strong selection for mutations that generate amino acid changes within the coding region. Northern blot analysis revealed that these genes are expressed only in the first instar larvae, a critical stage that determines if the interaction between a specific Hessian fly biotype and a specific wheat cultivar is compatible. Genomic analysis demonstrated that multiple copies of similar genes are clustered within a short region on chromosome 2A. This is the same arm in which two avirulence genes have been mapped.

The position of repetitive DNA sequence in the southern cattle tick genome permits chromosome identification

“…Repeats of similar size and unknown function have been identified in other invertebrate species (Spence et al 1998;Mandrioli et al 1999), but these have no sequence similarity to any of the R. microplus repeats. Blocks of repetitive sequence have been localized to heterochromatic subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes in a number of organisms including yeasts, nematodes, insects, higher plants, and mammals (Spence et al 1998;Chen et al 2004). Heterochromatin is believed to function in a range of important cellular processes such as chromosome pairing and segregation, and regulation of gene expression (Lohe and Hilliker 1995).…”

Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Plant Defense against a Gall Midge

“…The feeding behavior of many gall midges shares similarity with plant pathogens, including a fixed feeding site, a requirement of live host plants, and secretion of effector proteins (Chen et al, 2004. A gene-forgene interaction is also common to many plant-gall midge systems (Harris et al, 2003).…”

“…During compatible interactions (wheat infested with virulent larvae), susceptible plants are manipulated by Hessian fly larvae, including the suppression of plant defense Saltzmann et al, 2010) and the reprogramming of plant metabolic pathways to create a nutrition zone for larval development (Puthoff et al, 2005;Harris et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2007;Saltzmann et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2008). The manipulation of plants by Hessian fly larvae is likely achieved through salivary secretions (Chen et al, 2004, which may also trigger plant defense if recognized by the plant surveillance system (Garcia-Brugger et al, 2006). Wheat is the preferred host for the Hessian fly (Zeiss et al, 1993), but larvae can also live on barley (Hordeum vulgare) and other wheat-related species, although larval growth is slow and mortality is high (Harris et al, 2001).…”

Cloning and characterization of cDNAS encoding carboxypeptidase-like proteins from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor (Say)]☆

“…Probes were derived from full length cDNAs by labeling with 32 P-dCTP using the random labeling kit from Stratagene (La Jolla, CA, USA). Hybridization was performed as described by Chen et al (2004). After hybridization, the membranes were washed twice with 2 Â SSC at room temperature for 30 min, twice with 2 Â SSC plus 1% SDS at 65 1C for 30 min, and twice with 0.1 Â SSC plus 0.1% SDS at room temperature for 30 min.…”