A Gross Comparative Anatomical Study of Hearts in Human Cadavers and Pigs

Garg, Shavi; Singh, Poonam; Sharma, Anu; Gupta, Gaurav

doi:10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2013/v2i2/86776

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Earlier heart neuroanatomical studies of both the fetal and the newborn pig ( Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777) were lacking a quantitative evaluation of the abundance of diverse neuronal phenotypes within cardiac GP (Crick et al, 1999; Franke‐Radowiecka et al, 2020). Therefore, the present study aims to identify the relationship between chemical phenotypes of ICNs and their location in the atrial GP of the newborn pig prospecting for a comparative analysis of cardiac GP in the adult pig that is the most popular animal model in experimental cardiothoracic surgery and heart electrophysiology due to its anatomical similarity with the human heart, and its convenience for handling in regard to dimensions and weight (Garg et al, 2013; Suzuki et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Ragauskas

Rysevaitė-Kyguolienė

Paužienė

et al. 2021

Journal of Morphology

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Intrinsic cardiac neurons (ICNs) are crucial cells in the neural regulation of heart rhythm, myocardial contractility, and coronary blood flow. ICNs exhibit diversity in their morphology and neurotransmitters that probably are age‐dependent. Therefore, neuroanatomical heart studies have been currently focused on the identification of chemical phenotypes of ICNs to disclose their possible functions in heart neural regulation. Employing whole‐mount immunohistochemistry, we examined ICNs from atria of the newborn pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) as ICNs at this stage of development have never been neurochemically characterized so far. We found that the majority of the examined ICNs (>60%) were of cholinergic phenotype. Biphenotypic neuronal somata (NS), that is, simultaneously positive for two neuronal markers, were also rather common and distributed evenly within the sampled ganglia. Simultaneous positivity for cholinergic and adrenergic neuromarkers was specific in 16.4%, for cholinergic and nitrergic—in 3.5% of the examined NS. Purely either adrenergic or nitrergic ICNs were observed at 13% and 3.1%, correspondingly. Purely adrenergic and nitrergic NS were the most frequent in the ventral left atrial subplexus. Similarly to neuronal phenotype, sizes of NS also varied depending on the atrial region providing insights into their functional implications. Axons, but not NS, positive for classic sensory neuronal markers (vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and calcitonin gene‐related peptide) were identified within epicardiac nerves and ganglia. Moreover, a substantial number of ICNs could not be attributed to any phenotype as they were not immunoreactive for antisera used in this study. Numerous dendrites with putative peptidergic and adrenergic contacts on cholinergic NS contributed to neuropil of ganglia. Our observations demonstrate that intrinsic cardiac ganglionated plexus is not fully developed in the newborn pig despite of dense network of neuronal processes and numerous signs of neural contacts within ganglia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Ragauskas

Rysevaitė-Kyguolienė

Paužienė

et al. 2021

Journal of Morphology

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“…[7] On Gross examination there was cardiomegaly as compared to the previous studies. [8,9] The maximum Anteroposterior diameter was 12.6 cm as against the normal reported in an average adult human heart 6cm anteroposteriorly [8]. The maximum transeverse diameter was 9.7 cm as against the 8-9 cm as reported in previous studies [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…[8,9] The maximum Anteroposterior diameter was 12.6 cm as against the normal reported in an average adult human heart 6cm anteroposteriorly [8]. The maximum transeverse diameter was 9.7 cm as against the 8-9 cm as reported in previous studies [9]. Measurement from centre of base to apex (also called as heart height /heart length) was 12.5 cm which is slightly greater than the normal reported 12cm [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Anatomical correlate of permanent cardiac pacemaker

Mishra

Sinha²,

Sushobhana³

et al. 2015

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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An incidental and interesting heart with artificial permanent cardiac pacemaker was seen in a cadaver during the routine dissection in the Anatomy department of GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The case is reported for the academic interest of readers. Artificial Pacemaker is a device that provides electrical stimulation to cause cardiac contraction when intrinsic cardiac electrical activity is slow or absent. A pacemaker is composed of two parts, the pacing electrodes, or leads, which are wires that are inserted directly into the heart, and a pacemaker generator.In the cadaver the pacemaker was implanted subcutaneously in the right Pectoral region inferior to the Clavicle. The lead was inserted into the heart through the Right Subclavian Vein. The terminal end of Lead was found in the apex of Right Ventricle. The size of the heart was measured with a vernier calliper. The cardiomegaly was found.

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“…Advances in genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and interspecies chimera can now be routinely applied Table compiled from (Cooper., 2012;Garg et al, 2013;Gutierrez et al, 2015;Renner et al, 2016;Swindle and Smith, 2016;Garry and Garry, 2019;Lunney et al, 2021).…”

Section: Genome Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocyst complementation and interspecies chimeras in gene edited pigs

Choe

Sorensen

Garry

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The only curative therapy for many endstage diseases is allograft organ transplantation. Due to the limited supply of donor organs, relatively few patients are recipients of a transplanted organ. Therefore, new strategies are warranted to address this unmet need. Using gene editing technologies, somatic cell nuclear transfer and human induced pluripotent stem cell technologies, interspecies chimeric organs have been pursued with promising results. In this review, we highlight the overall technical strategy, the successful early results and the hurdles that need to be addressed in order for these approaches to produce a successful organ that could be transplanted in patients with endstage diseases.

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A Gross Comparative Anatomical Study of Hearts in Human Cadavers and Pigs

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Anatomical correlate of permanent cardiac pacemaker

Blastocyst complementation and interspecies chimeras in gene edited pigs

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