“…Since the seminal work by Akers and Krishnamurthy [1], the 'star graphs' have been recognized as viable candidates for interconnection networks because (a) a star graph has some appealing properties such as symmetry, recursiveness, maximal connectivity, sublogarithmic vertex degree, sublogarithmic diameter, and excellent graph embedding abilities [5,15,22,23] and (b) a number of efficient parallel algorithms have been developed on star graphs [2][3][4]6,10,18,21,24]. Previous work on the fault tolerance of star graphs was mainly focused on their fault-tolerant routing strategies [7,8,11,20] and their fault-tolerant graph embedding abilities [13,14,16,17,26].…”