A green sonochemical synthesis of zinc borates from Zn5(CO3)2·(OH)6

Abstract

In this study by using the precursors of Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 •(OH) 6 and H 3 BO 3 , Zn 3 B 6 O 12 •3.5H 2 O type of a zinc borate compound is synthesised. A green sonochemical method of ultrasonic irradiation is used with several parameters such as; reaction temperature and reaction time. Synthesized zinc borate compounds are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Then the surface morphologies are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the XRD results, the minimum reaction conditions to successfully synthesize Zn 3 B 6 O 12 •3.5H 2 O were found as 80 • C -50 min, 85 • C -40 min, 90 • C -40 min. The FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies showed that the synthesized products characteristic bands were in good agreement with the bands of boron compounds. SEM morphological analyses showed that synthesized compounds were in particularly thorn like and tubular with the particle sizes between 77-296 nm. Also the reaction yields were calculated between 90.34-97.12%.

An accelerated and effective synthesis of zinc borate from zinc sulfate using sonochemistry

“…The compounds' XRD patterns with the highest XRD scores are given in Figure 2. The characteristic peaks are in mutual agreement with the studies reported in the literature (Ersan et al, 2016;Kipcak et al, 2014Kipcak et al, , 2015Kipcak et al, , 2016Vardar et al, 2017). In addition, the as-obtained XRD scores were slightly higher than those previously reported in the literature (Table 1).…”

“…The highest reaction yields were procured at 90°C over 55 min for all of the sets, which were calculated to be 98.3 ± 0.2%, 98.4 ± 0.2% and 99.2 ± 0.3% for SET-1, SET-2 and SET-3, respectively. In accordance with the XRD scores, the reaction yields were found to be higher than those previously reported in the literature and significantly higher than those reported by Ersan et al (2016) and Vardar et al (2017).…”

“…According to the XRD results, the as-synthesized compound was defined as "zinc oxide borate hydrate (Zn 3 B 6 O 12 •3.5H 2 O)" with the pdf No. "00-035-0433" and was identical to that previously reported in the literature (Bardakci et al, 2013;Ersan et al, 2016;Kipcak et al, 2014Kipcak et al, , 2015Kipcak et al, , 2016Vardar et al, 2017). The as-synthesized zinc borate compound's XRD results are given in Figure 1.…”

“…The peaks at 664 cm -1 correspond to the bending of γ(B (3) -O) and the peaks corresponding to the (B (3) -O) / δ(B (4) -O) bonds are observed at 579 cm -1 . Obtained bands are in mutual agreement with the studies of Ersan et al (2016), Kipcak et al (2014Kipcak et al ( , 2015Kipcak et al ( , 2016 and Vardar et al (2017).…”

“…The optimum zinc borate compounds' recorded IR spectra from chosen reactions are given in The bands between 858 cm -1 and 798 cm -1 correspond to the four-coordinate boron to oxygen bonds' symmetric Kipcak et al (2014Kipcak et al ( , 2015Kipcak et al ( , 2016 and Vardar et al (2017). The zinc borate compounds' recorded Raman spectra from chosen reactions are given in Figure 5.…”