A green protocol ball milling synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole using nano-silica/aminoethylpiperazine as a metal-free catalyst

Abstract

Background Ball mill is an effective, and green method for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds in very good yields. This method is a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly process. In this work, an efficient approach for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles (PPzs) using ball milling and metal-free nano-catalyst (Nano-silica/aminoethylpiperazine), under solvent-free conditions was reported. Results The new nano-catalyst silica/aminoethylpiperazine was prepared by immobilization of 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine on nano-silica chloride. The structure of the prepared nano-catalyst was identified by FT-IR, FESEM, TGA, EDX, EDS-map, XRD, and pH techniques. This novel nano-catalyst was used for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives under ball milling and solvent-free conditions. Conclusions Unlike other pyranopyrazoles synthesis reactions, this method has advantages including short reaction time (5–20 min), room temperature, and relatively high efficiency, which makes this protocol very attractive for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles derivatives.

The Quest for Sustainable Composites: Developing High-Performance, Flame-Retardant, and Recyclable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Vitrimer Composites

“…These bonds manifest as a distinct peak at around 1645 cm −1 in the spectrum. Moreover, the peak observed at 1584 cm −1 corresponds to the N−H bending vibration 42 while the peak at 3300 cm −1 is attributed to the stretching vibrations of the N−H bond in the amine functional group.…”