A Green Heterogeneous Catalyst Production and Characterization for Biodiesel Production using RSM and ANN Approach

Abstract

In this work, naturally available moringa oleifera leaves are chosen as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil. The dry moringa oleifera leaves are calcinated up to 700 °C for 3 hours to improve their adsorbing property. The calcinated catalyst characterization analysis from XRD and EDX highlights the presence of calcium, potassium, and other elements. Response surface method (RSM) optimization and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were carried out to elucidate the interaction effect of significant process variables on biodiesel yield. The results show that a maximum biodiesel yield of 92.82% was achieved at optimum conditions of catalyst usage (9 wt.%), molar ratio (7:1), temperature (50 °C) and reaction time (120 min). The catalyst usage (wt.%) was identified as a significant process variable followed by molar ratio. Furthermore, the significant fuel properties of the biodiesel related to thermal, physical, chemical, and elemental match with the established standards of ASTM. The reutilization analysis of the catalyst reveals that more than 50% of the biodiesel yield was achieved after five cycles of reuse.

Exploration of agricultural residue ash as a solid green heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production

“…However, one of the challenges that impact the high throughput of biodiesel production using this process is the calcination temperature. Kolakoti et al 84 investigated the green heterogeneous catalytic production of biodiesel using Moringa olifera . The M .…”

“…However, one of the challenges that impact the high throughput of biodiesel production using this process is the calcination temperature. Kolakoti et al 84 investigated the green heterogeneous catalytic production of biodiesel using Moringa olifera. The M. olifera was calcinated at various temperatures (300, 500, and 700 • C) to understand its catalytic reaction during the transesterification process.…”

Synthesis of Biobased Composite Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production Using Simplex Lattice Design Mixture: Optimization Process by Taguchi Method

“…For example, for an optimization approach like that in this study, surface methodology combined with central composite design or Box-Behnken usually requires more experimentation to determine the optimal parametric conditions for each process [36]. Therefore, a well-organized design with less experimentation can eliminate cumbersome procedures for some combinations [37]. A new method of Design of Experiment (DOE) to consider the effects of different process parameters on the average and variance of performance characteristics that determine the proper functioning of a process has been developed by Dr. G. Taguchi.…”

“…This DOE method uses orthogonal arrays to optimize various parameters that affect the process and how they are changed. A special feature of this method is that it may not explore all possible combinations of process parameters involved in the optimization process, but the process can be reduced to a limited number of combinations, making data easier to analyze [37]. The required number of trials and their levels can be determined from an orthogonal array (OA).…”

Reusable Catalyst of KF/Mg-Al Layered Double for Biodiesel Conversion and Optimization using Bohn-Behnken Design

“…World's demand on energy consumption forces many explorations for renewable energy resource, and among various possible sources, bio-catalyzed conversion has been well-known as effective procedure regarding to some advantageous, such as the easy in separation and minimizing consumable catalyst (NaOH) [3][4][5]. Among various solid base catalysts, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are attractive materials got intensive consideration due to their easy in preparation and tunable properties.…”