A green closed-loop process for selective recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

As the economy started to recover from the COVID pandemic, the price of Li2CO3 is skyrocketed to the highest. This situation has aggravated concerns on the supply chain for lithium-ion...

Monitoring the Formation of Nickel-Poor and Nickel-Rich Oxide Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Synchrotron Radiation

“…This work provides significant insights into the mechanisms underlying Ni-rich NCM synthesis, an inspiration for the design of other Ni-rich high-energy-density cathode materials. Moreover, after long-term cycling, degradation reactions lead to a NiO phase formation on the surface. − The reactivation of spent cathode materials requires both lithium and transition-metal recovery processes. , Our work serves as a revelation for recycling works of cathode materials, thus preventing environmental pollution.…”

“…29−31 The reactivation of spent cathode materials requires both lithium and transition-metal recovery processes. 32,33 Our work serves as a revelation for recycling works of cathode materials, thus preventing environmental pollution. ) ratio, a 12 wt % ammonia solution (Acros Organics, purity: ≥99%), and a 4.875 M sodium hydroxide solution (Fischer Chemical, purity: 99.44%) were separately and simultaneously pumped into a three-necked flask at a rate of 0.5, 0.3, and 0.25 mL min −1 , respectively.…”

“… 29 − 31 The reactivation of spent cathode materials requires both lithium and transition-metal recovery processes. 32 , 33 Our work serves as a revelation for recycling works of cathode materials, thus preventing environmental pollution.…”

A review on spent lithium-ion battery recycling: from collection to black mass recovery

“…Therefore, the closed-loop recycling of spent LIB components is paramount for waste management sustainability, the minimization of the supply chain risk of the raw materials among the countries, and price uctuations with higher economic returns. [9][10][11][12][13] A typical lithium-ion cell consists of lithium transition metal (Mn, Ni, Co, V, Fe) oxide/phosphate (LiFePO 4 )-based cathode and graphite as an anode. Each electrode comprises conductive metal foil current collectors, i.e., Al and Cu, for the cathode and anode.…”

“…Therefore, the closed-loop recycling of spent LIB components is paramount for waste management sustainability, the minimization of the supply chain risk of the raw materials among the countries, and price fluctuations with higher economic returns. 9–13…”