A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Pd‐Ni/Graphene via Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite from Used Battery for the Electrocatalysis of Ethanol

Tan, Joshua L.; Villar, Paolo Gio A.; Jesus, Arvee de; Tongol, Bernard John V.

doi:10.1002/jccs.201400065

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Pd nanoparticles can further be analyzed in the TEM images shown in Figure 2c−f, where the average diameter of the Pd nanoparticles was found to be 5.8 ± 1.8 nm for both carbon and rGO supported catalyst, which is comparable in size to Pd supported on rGO reported elsewhere. 20,57 However, the average particle size from the XRD data (4.3 nm) is smaller than this value but is within the standard deviation. The lattice fringes can be seen in Figure S2c,d corresponding to the fcc facets of Pd with a dspacing of approximately 0.23 nm, which corroborates with the obtained XRD data.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Palladium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Formate Electrooxidation in an Alkaline Medium

Galvan

Glass

Baxter

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The development of alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEM) has allowed for a myriad of new liquid fuels to be used in fuel cell applications that cannot be effectively oxidized under acidic conditions using proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Moreover, many of these fuels are readily electrooxidized by non-platinum group metal catalysts under basic conditions. Interested in the direct formate fuel cell (DFFC), we have explored the activity of palladium supported on reduced graphene oxide (Pd/rGO) toward the formate oxidation reaction in the alkaline medium. The reduction of GO to rGO and synthesis of Pd nanoparticles were confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Half-cell studies demonstrated superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward formate electrooxidation for Pd/rGO than commercial Pd/C catalysts. A low metal loading AEM DFFC, fabricated with a Pd/rGO anode catalyst, displayed a 15% increase in maximum power density at 60 °C compared to the commercial Pd/C catalyst.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Palladium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Formate Electrooxidation in an Alkaline Medium

Galvan

Glass

Baxter

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…The electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EGO) material was washed and filtered using 0.45 m membrane filter to remove the DMF. The EGO was dispersed in water and was freeze-dried to obtain powdered EGO [10].…”

Section: Preparation Of Graphene Via Electrochemical Exfoliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from adding promoters to improve catalytic activity, the catalyst can be deposited on a support material with large surface area such as carbon-based materials [8,9]. Studies have shown that Pd catalyst supported by graphene gave enhanced catalytic activity [10,11]. Graphene can improve the performance of the catalyst by providing deposition sites for the (electro)chemical reduction of the catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations have suggested that bimetallic catalysts of Pd alloyed with other metals can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic activity towards EOR in alkaline media. Majority of the past research on Pd based catalysts are alloyed with Ni [10,11,13], Co [14], Ru [5], Sn [15][16][17], among others. These studies use chemical methods in the preparation and deposition of the catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulse electrodeposited tin/palladium/exfoliated graphene oxide (Sn/Pd/EGO) catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cell applications

Chang¹,

Tan²,

Tongol³

2016

actamanil

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This study aims to utilize pulse electrodeposition to synthesize tin/palladium/exfoliated graphene oxide (Sn/Pd/EGO) catalyst composite as anode material for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) which finds significant application in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) application. The electrocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts towards ethanol oxidation was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry in 1 M ethanol in 0.1 M NaOH. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the addition of Sn to Pd improved the catalytic activity of Pd towards EOR in alkaline solution. The bimetallic Sn/Pd catalyst on glassy carbon electrode (Sn/Pd/GCE) showed a higher catalytic activity with a peak current density of 28.1 mA cm--2 , compared to Pd/GCE (23.39 mA cm -2 ). The electrocatalytic activity of bimetallic Sn/Pd catalyst further improved when EGO was used as a support (Sn/Pd/EGO) with a peak current density of 36.7 mA cm -2 . Atomic force microscopy revealed that the catalysts were deposited on the edges of the graphene sheets forming bright clusters with dark fringes on the middle of the structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Pd and Sn metals and their oxides. This study demonstrates that pulse electrodeposition could offer a much simpler and faster approach in the development of high performance catalysts for EOR.

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“…Some have studied mono-metallic and binary electrocatalyst with graphene as support but few have done so with ternary electrocatalysts. Recently, we have synthesized PdNi supported on electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide [17]. The synthesized catalyst composite gave a higher electrocatalytic performance compared to PdNi supported on carbon black.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of graphene-supported Pd/Ni/Sn electrocatalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells

Santos¹,

Jesus²,

Tan³

et al. 2015

actamanil

Self Cite

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Direct ethanol fuel cell can serve as alternative to fossil fuels because it is renewable and environmentally-friendly with a high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emission. In line with this, an effective anode electrocatalyst should be present which will facilitate the oxidation of the fuel (e.g. ethanol). This study aims to synthesize and characterize a graphenesupported Pd/Ni/Sn electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation. Modified Hummer's method was used to produce graphene oxide. The Pd/Ni/Sn supported on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was synthesized using borohydride-facilitated reduction method. Optimization of the product showed that 12 h of reduction time as well as sequential addition of Sn, Ni, and then Pd to the RGO support with atomic ratio kept at 3:2:2 (Pd, Ni, and Sn, respectively) generated the highest maximum current density of 12.64 mAcm -2 at a scan rate of 50 mVs -1 . AFM analysis of the synthesized graphene as well as the Pd/Ni/Sn/RGO catalyst composite indicated graphenelike structures having a thickness of 6-8 nm as well as bright particles that could be indicative of metallic particles with an average particle size of 30-40 nm. The synthesized Pd/Ni/Sn/ RGO electrocatalyst proved to be effective in facilitating ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium.

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A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Pd‐Ni/Graphene via Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite from Used Battery for the Electrocatalysis of Ethanol

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Palladium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Formate Electrooxidation in an Alkaline Medium

Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Palladium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Formate Electrooxidation in an Alkaline Medium

Pulse electrodeposited tin/palladium/exfoliated graphene oxide (Sn/Pd/EGO) catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cell applications

Synthesis and characterization of graphene-supported Pd/Ni/Sn electrocatalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells

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