A green and simple procedure based on deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of phthalates from beverages

Santana‐Mayor, Álvaro; Socas‐Rodríguez, Bárbara

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125798

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Apart from a non-representative number of samples for the investigation of the effect of packaging material, the authors explained their results on the basis of the different materials used by different vendors for the same type of plastic package. Also, we detected DEHP in tea drinks in a previous application, but at a concentration below the LOQ [ 19 ]. Kombucha samples contained a lower number of PAEs than analyzed tea drinks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, hundreds of analytical protocols have been developed for the analysis of these compounds in foods [ 18 ]. In this regard, the use of DESs has promoted new sustainable protocols [ 8 , 9 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. We have recently developed a NaHDES based on thymol (Th):octanoic acid (OctA) (molar ratio 2:1) for vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-LLME) of PAEs from tonic water (bottled in plastic, glass and metal containers) and cold infusions [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Extraction of Plastic Migrants from Kombuchas

et al. 2021

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A vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction, based on a natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent made from the monoterpene thymol and octanoic fatty acid, was employed for the analysis of 11 phthalate esters and one adipate in kombucha (a tea-based fermented beverage). Separation and determination were performed using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Confirmatory analyses were carried out through UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry. The full method was validated in terms of matrix effect, matrix-matched calibration, sensitivity, recovery, limits of detection and quantification and repeatability. Satisfactory determination coefficients for quadratic calibration curves (≥0.9938), recovery values (67–120%) and limits of detection (0.07–5.45 µg/L) were obtained. Analysis of 26 kombucha samples reported concentrations for dibutyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate in the range between the limit of quantification (LOQ) and 16.18 ± 1.14 µg/L, although these phthalates were also detected under the LOQ in some of the analyzed samples. Only one of the samples bottled in plastic containers (7) did not present residues while only five of the 19 samples in glass bottles contained any plasticizer. However, the highest concentration was found in a kombucha bottled in food-grade glass. This work represents the first application in which phthalates and adipates are analyzed in kombuchas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Extraction of Plastic Migrants from Kombuchas

et al. 2021

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“…However, a higher LOD (from 0.12 to 0.50 µg/L) was achieved previously to quantify six phthalates in environmental waters using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by GC-MS [26]. A summary of the different analytical methods, used for phthalates determination in plastic packaging, is presented in Table 3 [20,21,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Occurrence of Phthalates in Plastic Materials Used in Food Packaging

et al. 2021

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Phthalates are multifunctional synthetic chemicals found in a wide array of consumer and industrial products, mainly used to improve the mechanical properties of plastics, giving them flexibility and softness. In the European Union, phthalates are prohibited at levels greater than 0.1% by weight in most food packaging. In the current study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized, through the multivariate optimization process, and validated to evaluate the occurrence of four common phthalates, di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), and 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl (BDE), in different food packaging. The best extraction efficiency was achieved using the polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber at 80 °C for 30 min. The validated method showed good linearity, precision (RSD < 13%), and recoveries (90.2 to 111%). The limit of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 µg/L and from 0.10 to 0.24 µg/L, respectively. On average, the phthalates concentration varied largely among the assayed food packaging. DIBP was the most predominant phthalate in terms of occurrence (71.4% of analyzed simples) and concentration (from 3.61 to 10.7 μg/L). BBP was quantified in only one sample and BDE was detected in trace amounts (<LOQ) in only two samples.

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“…Wu et al [21] also monitored the level of four PAEs, i.e., DAP, DPRP, BBP, and DBP, in some bottled juice samples. They found only 1.85 µg L −1 DBP and 1.57 µg L −1 BBP in bottled pineapple juice samples, and no PAEs in bottled pear juice samples [21][22][23]. In addition, the second highest value was found in beverages with vitamin C. All the results indicated that pH or some complex natural ingredients in fruit juice might promote the migration of PAEs [21].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Total Paes In Commercial Soft Drinksmentioning

confidence: 97%

Facile and Selective Determination of Total Phthalic Acid Esters Level in Soft Drinks by Molecular Fluorescence Based on Petroleum Ether Microextraction and Selective Derivation by H2SO4

et al. 2022

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Determining the level of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in packaged carbonated beverages is a current need to ensure food safety. High-selectivity and -accuracy identification of individual PAEs can be achieved by chromatographic and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. However, these methods are slow; involve complicated, expensive instruments in professional laboratories; and consume a large amount of organic solvents. As such, a food analysis method is needed to conveniently and rapidly evaluate multiple contaminants on site. In this study, with the assistance of ultrasound, we quickly determined the total PAEs in soft drinks using 1.5 mL of petroleum ether in one step. Then, we determined the characteristic molecular fluorescence spectrum of all PAEs in samples (excitation (Ex)/emission (Em) at 218/351 nm) using selectively concentrated sulfuric acid derivatization. The relative standard deviations of the fluorescent intensities of mixed solutions with five different PAEs were lower than 7.1% at three concentration levels. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.10 μmol L−1, which matches that of some of the chromatographic methods, but the proposed method uses less organic solvent and cheaper instruments. These microextraction devices and the fluorescence spectrometer are portable and provide an instant result, which shows promise for the evaluation of the total level of PAEs in beverages on site. The proposed method successfully detected the total level of PAEs in 38 kinds of soft drink samples from local supermarkets, indicating its potential for applications in the packaged beverage industry.

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A green and simple procedure based on deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of phthalates from beverages

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Application of a Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Extraction of Plastic Migrants from Kombuchas

Application of a Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Extraction of Plastic Migrants from Kombuchas

Evaluation of the Occurrence of Phthalates in Plastic Materials Used in Food Packaging

Facile and Selective Determination of Total Phthalic Acid Esters Level in Soft Drinks by Molecular Fluorescence Based on Petroleum Ether Microextraction and Selective Derivation by H2SO4

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