A green and highly efficient sulfur functionalization of starch

Abstract

An innovative green approach to achieve thiol functionalization of starch with a degree of substitution ≥ 2.

Approaches toward High Resilience Rubber Foams: Morphology–Mechanics–Thermodynamics Relationships

“…This is due to not only because of an increase in the crystallinity of the Cs itself but also the network from chemical reaction between starch and sulfur that should affect higher compression stress in the rubber matrix. [ 28,44,55,56 ] However, the NRF filled with more than 8 phr of Cs seems to exceed an optimum value as the compression strength does not significantly differ from the NRF filled with 12 phr of Cs which may come from the agglomeration of Cs at high loading. Figure 6B also shows that Cs–filled rubber matrix is stronger than unfilled rubber matrix, and the initiation of the compression stress plateau from cell buckling is not quite different, but some strain hardening occurs at large strains.…”

“…Besides, the CS bonds in NRF filled with Cs were increased due to the chemical reaction of starch with the sulfur that could occur under heat during the vulcanization. [ 44 ]…”

Facile thiolation of hydroxyl functional polymers

“…† Consecutively, the telechelic linear polymer (III) PEG6k-OH with molecular weight by MALDI-TOF MS of 6071 Da was successfully postfunctionalized under similar conditions as for the dendrimers. In this case, a molecular weight increase was detected to 6636 Da, which corresponds to PEG6k-S-S-Bz (27). The polymer, in this case representing conventional polydisperse polymeric scaffolds, could be isolated as a pure solid and in 85% yield after precipitation in diethyl ether.…”

“…This is largely due to the fact that conventional thiolation strategies require harsh conditions, e.g. bases, 26,27 halides 28 or polycondensation, 29 making them incompatible with more delicate structures such as esters. These protocols also result in inherent dispersity, making them unsuitable for the preparation of precision polymers such as dendrimers.…”

Microscopic Techniques for the Analysis of Micro and Nanostructures of Biopolymers and Their Derivatives

“…Another electron from a higher energy outer shell will fill this hole and the energy difference between the shells will be released in the form of X-rays which will be characteristic of the atomic structure of the emitting element [146]. EDX studies on biopolymer systems help in determining the elemental composition, impurities, chemical modifications, and functionalization of the samples [147][148][149][150]. EDX analysis can be very helpful in analyzing biopolymers with chemical modification as this enables researchers to determine the presence of heteroatoms (chlorine or sulphur) used in the modification [151].…”