Methods based on integer ambiguity determination, such as the least squares 6 ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method, are currently used for precise global 7 navigation satellite systems (GNSS) differential positioning. In the present paper we propose 8 an ambiguity-free method based on a dedicated mixed (stochastic/deterministic) optimization 9 algorithm that unlike the LAMBDA method is capable of providing reliable and accurate 10 results using few observation epochs (e.g. 1-cm accuracy with just two epochs) having the 11 additional advantages of insensitiveness to cycle slips and impossibility of wrong ambiguity 12 fixation. In addition, we will demonstrate that the application of the linear (deterministic) part 13 of our algorithm yields the correct baseline results much easier and faster than methods 14 requiring integer ambiguity determination provided the initial approximate coordinates are 15 accurate to a few centimeters. However, the use of ambiguity-free methods requires that the 16 integer character of the ambiguities be preserved so that they can be eliminated; therefore no 17 ionosphere-free combination can be computed and the methods are valid only for short 18 baselines (e.g. less than 10 km).