A graphene resonator as an ultrasound detector for generalized Love waves in a polymer film with two level states

Laitinen, Antti; Kaikkonen, Jukka-Pekka; Abhilash, T. S.; Todoshchenko, Igor; Manninen, Juuso; Zav'yalov, V. V.; Savin, A. M.; Isacsson, Andreas; Hakonen, Pertti

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab11a9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Recently, graphene-based high-frequency geophones have been introduced to detect ultrasonic waves in a silicon substrate [ 181 ] and to detect generalized Love waves in a polymer film (Figures 6(g) – 6(j) ) [ 207 ]. In these works, a highly sensitive electronic readout was employed reaching a resolution in ultrasonic vibration amplitude of 7 pm/√Hz.…”

Section: Ultrasound Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

et al. 2020

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The unique properties and atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) materials enable smaller and better nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel functionalities. During the last decade, many studies have successfully shown the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in pressure sensors, microphones, accelerometers, and mass and gas sensors. In this review, we explain the different sensing concepts and give an overview of the relevant material properties, fabrication routes, and device operation principles. Finally, we discuss sensor readout and integration methods and provide comparisons against the state of the art to show both the challenges and promises of 2D material-based nanoelectromechanical sensing.

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Section: Ultrasound Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to graphene and Au modes, surface waves around 20 MHz were excited in the LOR-layer by the microwave drive [40]. Even though these modes could be excited at very small power, they were not useful for detection purposes owing to the small Q = 100 − 200.…”

Section: Mechanical Resonancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Haas-van Alphen effect in graphene

Manninen¹,

Laitinen²,

Massel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In our work, we study the dynamics of a graphene Corbino disk supported by a gold mechanical resonator in the presence of a magnetic field. We demonstrate here that our graphene/gold mechanical structure exhibits a nontrivial resonance frequency dependence on the applied magnetic field, showing how this feature is indicative of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in the graphene Corbino disk. Our findings are the first evidence of dHvA effect for massless Dirac fermions. By relying on the mechanical resonances of the Au structure, our detection scheme is essentially independent of the material considered and can be applied for dHvA measurements on any conducting 2D material. In particular, the scheme is expected to be an important tool in studies of centrosymmetric transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) crystals, shedding new light on hidden magnetization and interaction effects.

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“…Large in-plane stiffness causes resonant frequencies of flexural vibrations to range from a few megahertz to hundreds of megahertz, thereby spanning the high frequency and the very high frequency range of the radio spectrum. The small mass makes the resonators amenable to ultrasensitive detection schemes [35], including the detection of pressure changes [36][37][38], ultrasound [39,40], and light [41]. These detection schemes are based on measuring amplitude changes and resonant frequency shifts of a single vibrational mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Measurements of Vibrational Modes in a Few-Layer Graphene Nanomechanical Resonator Using Software-Defined Radio Dongles

Chen

Tian

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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Software-defined radio dongles are small and inexpensive receivers well known to amateur radio enthusiasts. When connected to an antenna, they enable monitoring of a wide range of the radio spectrum by conditioning the input signal and transferring a downconverted version of it to a personal computer for software processing. Here, we employ a composite of two such dongles, interfaced with codes written in MATLAB and GNU Radio, as a measuring instrument to study the flexural vibrations of a few-layer graphene nanomechanical resonator. Instead of an antenna, we connect the dongles to the split output of a photodetector used to detect vibrations optically. We first perform a quantitative analysis of the dynamics of the first vibrational mode. We then measure the response of the first two vibrational modes in parallel. To illustrate our technique, we detect changes in the vibrational amplitude of both modes induced by periodic strain modulation with a delay of ≈ 1 ms between measurements. Last, we show that our software-based instrument can be employed to demodulate human voice encoded in the vibrations of our resonator. For parallel measurements of several frequency channels, and provided that the input signal is not too weak, our composite system may offer an alternative to the use of multiple lock-in amplifiers or multiple spectrum analyzers, with the distinct advantage of being cost-effective per frequency channel.

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A graphene resonator as an ultrasound detector for generalized Love waves in a polymer film with two level states

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

De Haas-van Alphen effect in graphene

Parallel Measurements of Vibrational Modes in a Few-Layer Graphene Nanomechanical Resonator Using Software-Defined Radio Dongles

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