A Graphene-Polyaniline-Bi₂O₃Hybrid Film Sensor for Voltammetric Quantification of Anti-Inflammatory Drug Etodolac

Abstract

A highly sensitive and stable Graphene-Polyaniline-Bi 2 O 3 (Grp-Pani-Bi 2 O 3 ) composite film modified glassy carbon sensor was fabricated for electrochemical sensing of anti-inflammatory drug etodolac (ETD). The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the electrochemical performance of the fabricated sensor was assessed by square wave and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of various parameters such as pH, effect of scan rate, and loading of Grp-Pani-Bi 2 O 3 composite at GCE on analytical performance of the developed sensor was investigated. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of developed sensor results in good characteristics such as low potential detection of ETD, good stability, fast response, and anti-interferent ability. Oxidation peak current was linear over the target concentration with correlation coefficient of 0.9938. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are 10.03 ng mL −1 and 30.08 ng mL −1 respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ETD in pharmaceutical formulation. The ease of fabrication, excellent electrochemical performance and high electroactive surface area are the promising features of the fabricated sensor.

Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

“…A one-step electrochemical redox synthesis process of PEDOT-Grp PNC film was done using simultaneous electrodeposition of PEDOT and electrochemical reduction of GO on a GCE with high detection sensing of the ascorbic acid molecules. In this sensor PEDOT-Grp thin film PNC mediated the electron transfer between AO and electrode interface resulting in significant improvement in electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity of ascorbic acid molecules [16]. Jain et al [5] introduced the combination of Grp and a conducting PANI-Bi 2 O 3 PNC, the synergic effect of which enhanced the performance of sensors used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of etodolac in pharmaceutical formulations.…”

Highly Sensitive and Selective Polyaniline Nanofiber–Based Voltammetric Sensor for the Quantification of Tinidazole

“…Polymers have been extensively studied for the development of drug sensors based on their high conductivity, fast response times, and room temperature operation. [39][40][41][42][43][44] Polyaniline (PANI) has been widely used as a sensing material. [45][46][47][48] Tinidazole (TNZ), chemically 1-(2-ethyl sulfonyl ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidozole [A] is an antiparasitic drug used against protozoan infection including giardiasis, amoebiasis, and vaginal trichomoniasis.…”

“…Conducting polymers are one of the interesting mediators in chemically modified electrodes. Polymers have been extensively studied for the development of drug sensors based on their high conductivity, fast response times, and room temperature operation . Polyaniline (PANI) has been widely used as a sensing material …”

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Precursor by Rapid Phase and Surface Transformation Using Structure-Guided Combustion Waves

“…Bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) is one of the more explored materials in both fundamental research and practical technologies due to its wide band gap, high refractive index, good photoconductivity, and high dielectric permittivity . The unique properties of Bi 2 O 3 have attracted much attention for various applications, and it is regarded as a high-potential material for thermoelectrics, photoelectrics, sensors, catalysis, and solid oxide fuel cells . The fundamental properties of Bi 2 O 3 vary between the five crystallographic polymorphs, that is, α (monoclinic), β (tetragonal), γ (body-centered cubic), δ (face-centered cubic), and ε (triclinic) phases.…”