“…By applying Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem in graph theory, a systematic approach was given to constructed Lyapunov function for coupled systems on networks. This technology has been successfully employed in the global stability for many mathematic models on networks, such as, coupled oscillators model [29,30], multi-group model [31,32], and neural networks [33], etc. Moreover, this technology was also extended to many different systems, such as stochastic system [11,34,35], discrete-time system [36,37], and delay system [29,37,38].…”