A grape seed extract maternal dietary supplementation in reproductive hens reduces oxidative stress associated to modulation of plasma and tissue adipokines expression and improves viability of offsprings

Abstract

In reproductive hens, a feed restriction is an usual practice to improve metabolic and reproductive disorders. However, it acts a stressor on the animal. In mammals, grape seed extracts (GSE) reduces oxidative stress. However, their effect on endocrine and tissue response need to be deepened in reproductive hens. Here, we evaluated the effects of time and level of GSE dietary supplementation on growth performance, viability, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in plasma and metabolic tissues in reproductive hens and their offsprings. We designed an in vivo trial using 4 groups of feed restricted hens: A (control), B and C (supplemented with 0.5% and 1% of the total diet composition in GSE since week 4, respectively) and D (supplemented with 1% of GSE since the hatch). In hens from hatch to week 40, GSE supplementation did not affect food intake and fattening whatever the time and dose of supplementation. Body weight was significantly reduced in D group as compared to control. In all hen groups, GSE supplementation decreased plasma oxidative stress index associated to a decrease in the mRNA expression of the NOX4 and 5 oxidant genes in liver and muscle and an increase in SOD mRNA expression. This was also associated to decreased plasma chemerin and increased plasma adiponectin and visfatin levels. Interestingly, maternal GSE supplementation increased the live body weight and viability of chicks at hatching and 10 days of age. This was associated to a decrease in plasma and liver oxidative stress parameters. Taken together, GSE maternal dietary supplementation reduces plasma and tissue oxidative stress associated to modulation of adipokines without affecting

Chemerin Impairs In Vitro Testosterone Production, Sperm Motility, and Fertility in Chicken: Possible Involvement of Its Receptor CMKLR1

“…The recombinant chicken chemerin protein (full length, rRARRES2) was obtained from the Gallus Gallus sequence (NM_001277476.1), produced in Ecoli and purified by chromatography column-based on His-Tag in denaturation conditions (Agro-Bio, La Ferté Saint Aubin, France). The choice of chemerin concentrations used in the different assays (50, 150, and 500 ng/mL) was based on the chicken plasma chemerin concentrations (between 150 and 250 ng/mL) that we determined in different protocols [ 26 , 27 ]. Thus, we chose a lower concentration (50 ng/mL) and higher concentration (500 ng/mL) than that observed in plasma.…”

Microbiota Changes Due to Grape Seed Extract Diet Improved Intestinal Homeostasis and Decreased Fatness in Parental Broiler Hens

“…However, studies on broilers have been performed on up to 35-day old chickens but not on adults in the reproductive period. In our study, grape and, more particularly, grape seed extract were studied in the diet [56,83]. The antioxidant property of GSE has been reported to improve the total antioxidant status in the plasma of Japanese quail [84] and antioxidant capacity in the blood of broilers [85].…”

“…Several studies have shown that a decrease in the oxidative status of an animal can be associated with a decrease in fattening [54,55]. The analysis of the body composition revealed a decrease in the bodyweight [56]. However, several markers associated with the diminution of the adipose tissue mass have been shown after 1% or 2% GSE exposure: reduction in the dorsal fattening level by ultrasound [6], weight of adipose mass, modification in adipokine levels: chemerin decrease and adiponectin increase [43], decrease in phospholipids and uric acid levels in plasma.…”

Maternal dietary supplementation with grape seed extract in reproductive hens increases fertility in females but decreases semen quality in males of the F1 generation

“…Moreover, when the hens were supplemented with selenium, the offspring showed an improvement of tissue glutathione peroxidase activity [ 26 ]. Maternal dietary supplementation with GSE increased the live body weight and viability of chicks at hatching and 10 days of age [ 27 ]. However, these authors studied only the first weeks of life of the progeny, and data on the adult stage as well as on reproductive performance were frequently missing.…”